Pandemic H1N1 in Fecal Matter

[mixin]

Does anyone know how influenza gets into the intestinal tract? Gs and I discussed this a bit and he ruled out a pathway through the stomach because of the stomach acid. It was also speculated that the California elephant seals may have been infected by fecal matter released into the ocean by passing ships.

Frequent Detection of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Stools of Hospitalized Patients
http://jcm.asm.org/content/48/6/2314

 

[gsgs]

Re: Pandemic H1N1 in Fecal Matter

with viral RNA being detected in the blood of 14 patients (out of 139) by RT-PCR.
D222G/N quasispecies were observed in 90% of the blood samples.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980333

We detected viral RNA in two participants' stools. (out of 35)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21342881

In 14 stools, 8 stools were real-time RT-PCR positive
In 21 blood samples collected at 2 to 9 days of onset, 1 blood sample was real-time RT-PCR positive,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21215107

Long-term shedding of influenza A virus in stool of immunocompromised child.


Significance of seasonal influenza viruses in the stool of pediatric patients.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2884510/

22 pH1N1,44 seasonal
H1N1 virus was detected in stool and in urine from 4/9 and 1/14 patients, respectively
Viral culture was also positive from the stool sample with the highest viral load.
Younger age was associated with prolonged shedding in the respiratory tract
and higher viral load in the stool.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19950247

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http://registration.akm.ch/einsicht...PRACHE_ID=2&XNKONGRESS_ID=161&XNMASKEN_ID=900

Dec2010-Apr2011,France,pH1N1, 138 cases, 93 controls, diarrha, stool samples
8 flu-B, 2 pH1N1, 0 H3N2 5 of them were co-infected with enteric viruses

 

[gsgs]

Re: Pandemic H1N1 in Fecal Matter

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11871759
The nucleoprotein genes of type B influenza virus were detected and confirmed
[in stomach biopsies,2002]
in 37 of 80 patients by sequence analyses of the second PCR products,
although they were not detected in the first PCR products.
The three patients who were receiving acid suppression therapy who were positive
for the influenza virus nucleoprotein gene 37 months previously were found to be
positive again. Nucleotide sequential analyses of the nucleoprotein gene revealed
two missense mutations from the reference strain, suggesting the characteristics
of persistent influenza virus infection. Statistical analyses of the patients' clinical
backgrounds showed a correlation between influenza RNA positivity in gastric
mucosa and acid inhibition therapy.

 

[gsgs]

Re: Pandemic H1N1 in Fecal Matter

Systemic dissemination of H5N1 influenza A viruses in ferrets and hamsters after direct
intragastric inoculation.

Pathogenesis of H5N1 influenza virus infections in mice and ferret models differs according
to respiratory tract or digestive system exposure.

mice stomach inoculated with A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N3) : absence of replication and inflammation - but stress

(1984) 41.The intestine of ferret--a possible site of influenza virus replication.

(1948) Inhibition of multiplication of influenza virus by tannic acid.

(1931) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2131998/

 

[gsgs]

Re: Pandemic H1N1 in Fecal Matter

http://jvi.asm.org/content/87/21/11476.abstract

mice adapting by mutations PB2-E627K, HA-F128V, HA-F454L, or HA-H300P