Re: Pakistan Epidemiological Bulletins 2012
:tiphat: Reliefweb
Volume 3,
Issue 29, Wednesday 25 July 2012
Highlights
? Measles: 142 alerts investigated this week, responding to 12 outbreaks involving 272 measles cases, 1 death.
? AWD: 22 alerts investigated this week and 3 outbreaks identified and appropriate measures were taken.
? Two new CCHF cases reported this week; In 2012, total of 23 confirmed cases have been reported throughout the country. Most of the cases (14)
directly reported from Balochistan, 4 each KPK and Sindh and 1 from Punjab.
? No new polio case was reported in week 29, 2012; As of 21 July 2012, Pakistan has reported a total of 23 polio cases (20 type‐1, 2 type‐3 and 1 mixture type‐1 and 3) from 13 districts/ tribal agencies.
? 87 districts have reported to DEWS in week 29, 2012. 2,295 health facilities
have shared weekly data to the Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) in this
week
? 819,161 patients? consultations were reported in week 29 compared to 813,291 consultations reported on week 28, 2012.
? Total 220 alerts were investigated, while response provided to 21 outbreaks.
...
Volume 3,
Issue 30, Wednesday 1 August 2012
Highlights
? Measles: 146 alerts investigated this week, responding to 13 outbreaks involving 259 measles cases, 2 deaths.
? AWD: 28 alerts investigated this week and 3 outbreaks identified and appropriate measures were taken.
? Two new CCHF cases reported this week; In 2012, total of 25 confirmed cases have been reported throughout the country. Most of the cases (16) directly reported from Balochistan, 4 each KPK and Sindh and 1 from Punjab.
? No new polio case was reported in week 30, 2012; As of 30 July 2012,
Pakistan has reported a total of 23 polio cases (20 type‐1, 2 type‐3 and 1
mixture type‐1 and 3) from 13 districts/ tribal agencies.
? 89 districts have reported to DEWS in week 30, 2012. 2,327 health facilities
have shared weekly data to the Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) in this week
? 858,953 patients? consultations were reported in week 30 compared to
857,305 consultations reported on week 29, 2012.
? Total 240 alerts were investigated, while response provided to 24 outbreaks.
...
Follow up of CCHF, Measles and Dengue
CCHF:
CCHF is a serious viral hemorrhagic fever with up to 50% case fatality rate, caused by an RNA virus of family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus, carried by Hyalomma species of ticks. Human beings become infected by tick bites or crushing the ticks, which are usually found on sheep, cattle, goats or camels, and their slaughtered skins. They may also be exposed to the virus in blood or tissues of a viremic animal during its slaughter and butchering; or by contact with infected blood or secretions of acute human cases in home or hospital setting.
Two new cases of CCHF in week 30. In 2012, a total of 33 suspected cases have been reported throughout the country with 25 confirmed to date and 8 deaths; (CFR is 32.00%). 22 cases have been reported from Balochistan; 4 each from KP and Sindh and 3 from Punjab. Chart at right illustrates current situation of CCHF cases in 2012.
Approximately all the cases have contact history with animal trading/handling, tick bite, contact with patient, tannery worker, butcher/animals slaughtering, a traditional practice of wearing fresh animal skin (posti) to treatment ailment. These animals and their skins have continuous movement!intra Pakistan and between neighboring countries (Afghanistan and Iran).
Any contact of a CCHF patient should monitor his/her temperature for 14 days and see a doctor if fever develops. The anti viral medicine Ribavirin has been effective in saving lives of patients who report early to the health facility.
Measles:
As of 21 July 2012, more measles cases and deaths have been reported in Pakistan than in 12 months last year. Table 1 summarizes
the situation of measles in 2012 up to 28 July (8,299 cases and 117 deaths - Ro); and table 2 illustrates the alerts and outbreaks in week 30 (22 ‐ 28 July, 2012).
Dengue:
The chart at right showing the weekly number of confirmed Dengue cases reported by surveillance focal points from the Departments of Health in Sindh and Punjab in 2012. Total number of confirmed dengue cases to date in 2012 is 79 in Sindh and 72 in Punjab. Month of peak incidence in 2010 was November while peak incidence in 2011 was in September and October.
Malaria:
The chart at right shows the malaria slide positivity and Falciparum rate reported in week 30, 2012. Total number of malaria cases tested in week 30, 2012 is 7394, out of which 1546 were found positive; 1249 for P. Vivax; 234 for P. Falciparum; while 63 for Mixed (SPR = 20.91%; F. R = 84.87%).
AWD:
1. The surveillance definition for a case of ?Acute Watery Diarrhoea? (AWD) or suspected cholera in an endemic area, is any case over age 2 years with severe dehydration or death due to diarrhoea of 3 or more stools in 24 hours.
2. An AWD outbreak is defined as a cluster of 6 or more cases of AWD or any number of cases with at least one confirmed case of Vibrio cholera.
3. Table at right summarizes the situation of AWD in week 30, (21 to 28 July) 2012. During the week, a total of 28 AWD alerts were reported and
3 out breaks were identified and were responded very efficiently and in systematic manner. Most of the alerts (16) were from Sindh; while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan and Punjab had 6, 4 and 1 AWD alerts respectively. This week 5 deaths were reported, all from Balochistan.
4. The Surveillance Officers of the respective districts with the close coordination of trained rapid response teams from Department of Health and partners address the outbreaks.
5. Notably the outbreak of cholera in a remote area of Gwadar district in Balochistan with 78 cases and 4 deaths had no further deaths after rapid response team arrived.
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