tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015 Aug 19. pii: CVI.00358-15. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Oral fluids as a live-animal sample for evaluating cross-reactivity and cross-protection following intranasal influenza A virus vaccination in pigs.[/h] Hughes HR[SUP]1[/SUP], Vincent AL[SUP]1[/SUP], Brockmeier SL[SUP]1[/SUP], Gauger PC[SUP]2[/SUP], Pena L[SUP]3[/SUP], Santos J[SUP]3[/SUP], Braucher DR[SUP]1[/SUP], Perez DR[SUP]3[/SUP], Loving CL[SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] In North American swine there are numerous antigenically distinct H1 influenza A virus (IAV) variants currently circulating, making vaccine development difficult due to the inability to formulate a vaccine that provides broad cross-protection. Experimentally, live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines demonstrate increased cross-protection compared to inactivated vaccines. However, there is no standardized assay to predict cross-protection following LAIV vaccination. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody in serum is the gold standard correlate of protection following IAV vaccination. LAIV vaccination does not induce a robust serum HI antibody titer; however, a local mucosal antibody response is elicited. Thus, a live-animal sample source that could be used to evaluate LAIV immunogenicity and cross-protection is needed. Here, we evaluated the use of oral fluids (OF) and nasal wash (NW) collected after IAV inoculation as a live-animal sample source in an ELISA to predict cross-protection in comparison to traditional serology. Both live-virus exposure and LAIV vaccination provided heterologous protection, though protection was greatest against more phylogenetically related viruses. IAV-specific IgA was detected in NW and OF samples and was cross-reactive against representative IAV from each H1 cluster. Endpoint titers of cross-reactive IgA in OF from pigs exposed to live-virus was associated with heterologous protection. While LAIV vaccination provided significant protection, LAIV immunogenicity was reduced compared to live-virus exposure. These data suggest that OF from pigs inoculated with wild-type IAV, with surface genes that match the LAIV seed strain, could be used in an ELISA to assess cross-protection and antigenic relatedness of circulating and emerging IAV in swine.
Copyright ? 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 26291090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[h=1]Oral fluids as a live-animal sample for evaluating cross-reactivity and cross-protection following intranasal influenza A virus vaccination in pigs.[/h] Hughes HR[SUP]1[/SUP], Vincent AL[SUP]1[/SUP], Brockmeier SL[SUP]1[/SUP], Gauger PC[SUP]2[/SUP], Pena L[SUP]3[/SUP], Santos J[SUP]3[/SUP], Braucher DR[SUP]1[/SUP], Perez DR[SUP]3[/SUP], Loving CL[SUP]4[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] In North American swine there are numerous antigenically distinct H1 influenza A virus (IAV) variants currently circulating, making vaccine development difficult due to the inability to formulate a vaccine that provides broad cross-protection. Experimentally, live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines demonstrate increased cross-protection compared to inactivated vaccines. However, there is no standardized assay to predict cross-protection following LAIV vaccination. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody in serum is the gold standard correlate of protection following IAV vaccination. LAIV vaccination does not induce a robust serum HI antibody titer; however, a local mucosal antibody response is elicited. Thus, a live-animal sample source that could be used to evaluate LAIV immunogenicity and cross-protection is needed. Here, we evaluated the use of oral fluids (OF) and nasal wash (NW) collected after IAV inoculation as a live-animal sample source in an ELISA to predict cross-protection in comparison to traditional serology. Both live-virus exposure and LAIV vaccination provided heterologous protection, though protection was greatest against more phylogenetically related viruses. IAV-specific IgA was detected in NW and OF samples and was cross-reactive against representative IAV from each H1 cluster. Endpoint titers of cross-reactive IgA in OF from pigs exposed to live-virus was associated with heterologous protection. While LAIV vaccination provided significant protection, LAIV immunogenicity was reduced compared to live-virus exposure. These data suggest that OF from pigs inoculated with wild-type IAV, with surface genes that match the LAIV seed strain, could be used in an ELISA to assess cross-protection and antigenic relatedness of circulating and emerging IAV in swine.
Copyright ? 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID: 26291090 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]