tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2022 Oct 5;9(10)
fac376.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac376. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Relative Risks of COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes by Age and Race/Ethnicity-March 2020-March 2021
Catherine H Bozio[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kristen Butterfield[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Stephanie A Irving[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Toan C Ong[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kai Zheng[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Sarah W Ball[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Allison L Naleway[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michelle Barron[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Carrie Reed[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Limited data exist on population-based risks and risk ratios (RRs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes stratified by age and race/ethnicity.
Methods: Using data from electronic health records and claims from 4 US health systems for the period March 2020-March 2021, we calculated risk and RR by age and race/ethnicity for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes among adults (≥18 years). COVID-19-associated hospitalizations were defined based on COVID-19 discharge codes or a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 result. Proportions of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions were estimated among hospitalized patients with select underlying conditions, stratified by age and race/ethnicity.
Results: Among 2.6 million adults included in the patient cohort, 6879 had COVID-19-associated hospitalizations during March 2020-March 2021 (risk: 264 per 100 000 population). Compared with younger, non-Hispanic White adults, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults aged ≥65 years had the highest hospitalization risk ratios (RR, 8.6; 95% CI, 7.6-9.9; and RR, 9.3; 95% CI, 8.5-10.3, respectively). Among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and renal disease or cardiovascular disease, the highest proportion of acute renal failure (55.5%) or congestive heart failure (43.9%) occurred in older, non-Hispanic Black patients. Among hospitalized adults with chronic lung disease or asthma, the highest proportion of respiratory failure (62.9%) or asthma exacerbation (66.7%) occurred in older, Hispanic patients.
Conclusions: During the first year of the US COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort, older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had the highest relative risks of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and adverse outcomes and, among those with select underlying conditions, the highest occurrences of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions.
Keywords: COVID-19; adults; hospitalization; race/ethnicity.
. 2022 Oct 5;9(10)
fac376.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac376. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Relative Risks of COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes by Age and Race/Ethnicity-March 2020-March 2021
Catherine H Bozio[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kristen Butterfield[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Stephanie A Irving[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Toan C Ong[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kai Zheng[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Sarah W Ball[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Allison L Naleway[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michelle Barron[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Carrie Reed[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36204160
- PMCID: PMC9532249
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac376
Abstract
Background: Limited data exist on population-based risks and risk ratios (RRs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes stratified by age and race/ethnicity.
Methods: Using data from electronic health records and claims from 4 US health systems for the period March 2020-March 2021, we calculated risk and RR by age and race/ethnicity for COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and clinical outcomes among adults (≥18 years). COVID-19-associated hospitalizations were defined based on COVID-19 discharge codes or a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 result. Proportions of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions were estimated among hospitalized patients with select underlying conditions, stratified by age and race/ethnicity.
Results: Among 2.6 million adults included in the patient cohort, 6879 had COVID-19-associated hospitalizations during March 2020-March 2021 (risk: 264 per 100 000 population). Compared with younger, non-Hispanic White adults, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults aged ≥65 years had the highest hospitalization risk ratios (RR, 8.6; 95% CI, 7.6-9.9; and RR, 9.3; 95% CI, 8.5-10.3, respectively). Among hospitalized adults with COVID-19 and renal disease or cardiovascular disease, the highest proportion of acute renal failure (55.5%) or congestive heart failure (43.9%) occurred in older, non-Hispanic Black patients. Among hospitalized adults with chronic lung disease or asthma, the highest proportion of respiratory failure (62.9%) or asthma exacerbation (66.7%) occurred in older, Hispanic patients.
Conclusions: During the first year of the US COVID-19 pandemic in this cohort, older non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adults had the highest relative risks of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and adverse outcomes and, among those with select underlying conditions, the highest occurrences of acute exacerbations of underlying conditions.
Keywords: COVID-19; adults; hospitalization; race/ethnicity.