tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2023 Feb 8;10(2)
fad061.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad061. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Investigating Epidemiologic and Molecular Links Between Patients With Community- and Hospital-Acquired Influenza A: 2017-2018 and 2019-2020, Michigan
Tiffany Wan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adam S Lauring[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Andrew L Valesano[SUP] 2 [/SUP], William J Fitzsimmons[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Emily E Bendall[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Keith S Kaye[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Joshua G Petrie[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired influenza virus infection (HAII) can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Identifying potential transmission routes can inform prevention strategies.
Methods: We identified all hospitalized patients testing positive for influenza A virus at a large, tertiary care hospital during the 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Hospital admission dates, locations of inpatient service, and clinical influenza testing information were retrieved from the electronic medical record. Time-location groups of epidemiologically linked influenza patients were defined and contained ≥1 presumed HAII case (first positive ≥48 hours after admission). Genetic relatedness within time-location groups was assessed by whole genome sequencing.
Results: During the 2017-2018 season, 230 patients tested positive for influenza A(H3N2) or unsubtyped influenza A including 26 HAIIs. There were 159 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or unsubtyped influenza A-positive patients identified during the 2019-2020 season including 33 HAIIs. Consensus sequences were obtained for 177 (77%) and 57 (36%) of influenza A cases in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020, respectively. Among all influenza A cases, there were 10 time-location groups identified in 2017-2018 and 13 in 2019-2020; 19 of 23 groups included ≤4 patients. In 2017-2018, 6 of 10 groups had ≥2 patients with sequence data, including ≥1 HAII case. Two of 13 groups met this criteria in 2019-2020. Two time-location groups from 2017-2018 each contained 3 genetically linked cases.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that HAIIs arise from outbreak transmission from nosocomial sources as well as single infections from unique community introductions.
Keywords: hospital-acquired; influenza; nosocomial; transmission; whole genome sequencing.
. 2023 Feb 8;10(2)
fad061.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad061. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Investigating Epidemiologic and Molecular Links Between Patients With Community- and Hospital-Acquired Influenza A: 2017-2018 and 2019-2020, Michigan
Tiffany Wan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adam S Lauring[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Andrew L Valesano[SUP] 2 [/SUP], William J Fitzsimmons[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Emily E Bendall[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Keith S Kaye[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Joshua G Petrie[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36861093
- PMCID: PMC9969740
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad061
Abstract
Background: Hospital-acquired influenza virus infection (HAII) can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Identifying potential transmission routes can inform prevention strategies.
Methods: We identified all hospitalized patients testing positive for influenza A virus at a large, tertiary care hospital during the 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Hospital admission dates, locations of inpatient service, and clinical influenza testing information were retrieved from the electronic medical record. Time-location groups of epidemiologically linked influenza patients were defined and contained ≥1 presumed HAII case (first positive ≥48 hours after admission). Genetic relatedness within time-location groups was assessed by whole genome sequencing.
Results: During the 2017-2018 season, 230 patients tested positive for influenza A(H3N2) or unsubtyped influenza A including 26 HAIIs. There were 159 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 or unsubtyped influenza A-positive patients identified during the 2019-2020 season including 33 HAIIs. Consensus sequences were obtained for 177 (77%) and 57 (36%) of influenza A cases in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020, respectively. Among all influenza A cases, there were 10 time-location groups identified in 2017-2018 and 13 in 2019-2020; 19 of 23 groups included ≤4 patients. In 2017-2018, 6 of 10 groups had ≥2 patients with sequence data, including ≥1 HAII case. Two of 13 groups met this criteria in 2019-2020. Two time-location groups from 2017-2018 each contained 3 genetically linked cases.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that HAIIs arise from outbreak transmission from nosocomial sources as well as single infections from unique community introductions.
Keywords: hospital-acquired; influenza; nosocomial; transmission; whole genome sequencing.