tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2024 Sep 23;11(11)
fae557.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae557. eCollection 2024 Nov. Estimating the Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination and Infection Variant on Post-COVID-19 Venous Thrombosis or Embolism Risk
Andrew O'Carroll[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie A Richard[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Celia Byrne[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jennifer Rusiecki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ben Wier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Catherine M Berjohn[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Anthony C Fries[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Tahaniyat Lalani[SUP] 2 3 7 [/SUP], Alfred G Smith[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Rupal M Mody[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Anuradha Ganesan[SUP] 2 3 9 [/SUP], Nikhil Huprikar[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Rhonda E Colombo[SUP] 2 3 5 10 [/SUP], Christina Schofield[SUP] 10 [/SUP], David A Lindholm[SUP] 5 11 [/SUP], Katrin Mende[SUP] 2 3 11 [/SUP], Milissa U Jones[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Ryan Flanagan[SUP] 12 13 [/SUP], Derek T Larson[SUP] 5 14 [/SUP], Evan C Ewers[SUP] 5 14 [/SUP], David Saunders[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ryan C Maves[SUP] 2 5 15 [/SUP], Carlos J Maldonado[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Margaret Sanchez Edwards[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Robert J O'Connell[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mark P Simons[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David R Tribble[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Brian K Agan[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Timothy H Burgess[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Simon D Pollett[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Previous research has shown that vaccination reduces risk of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) venous thrombosis or embolism (VTE), but the effect of vaccine boosting on post-COVID-19 VTE risk reduction is unclear. We sought to estimate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of post-COVID-19 VTE and to examine if the magnitude of this association differed among variant eras.
Methods: We performed a case-control study of Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020-2022. Cases were defined as those with medically attended VTE within 90 days after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 test; controls were defined as SARS-CoV-2 infections without incident VTE by 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression estimated the odds of post-SARS-CoV-2 VTE based on pre-COVID-19 vaccine status, adjusting for other VTE risk factors.
Results: A total of 4646 MHS beneficiaries were included in this analysis; 1370 received a primary vaccine series and a further 790 received at least 1 booster at time of infection; 71 had VTE within 90 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Those who were vaccinated had lower odds of VTE (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) compared to the unvaccinated following infection (primary series: 0.28 [.13-.62]; booster dose: 0.06 [.01-.46]). Post-COVID-19 VTE risk was lowest during the Omicron era, but VTEs were too rare to examine for an interaction of variant era and vaccine effect.
Conclusions: Among MHS beneficiaries, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of post-COVID-19 VTE diagnosis; estimated risk reduction was larger among those who received a booster.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; variant; venous embolism; venous thrombosis.
. 2024 Sep 23;11(11)
fae557.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae557. eCollection 2024 Nov. Estimating the Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination and Infection Variant on Post-COVID-19 Venous Thrombosis or Embolism Risk
Andrew O'Carroll[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie A Richard[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Celia Byrne[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jennifer Rusiecki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ben Wier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Catherine M Berjohn[SUP] 2 4 5 [/SUP], Anthony C Fries[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Tahaniyat Lalani[SUP] 2 3 7 [/SUP], Alfred G Smith[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Rupal M Mody[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Anuradha Ganesan[SUP] 2 3 9 [/SUP], Nikhil Huprikar[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Rhonda E Colombo[SUP] 2 3 5 10 [/SUP], Christina Schofield[SUP] 10 [/SUP], David A Lindholm[SUP] 5 11 [/SUP], Katrin Mende[SUP] 2 3 11 [/SUP], Milissa U Jones[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Ryan Flanagan[SUP] 12 13 [/SUP], Derek T Larson[SUP] 5 14 [/SUP], Evan C Ewers[SUP] 5 14 [/SUP], David Saunders[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ryan C Maves[SUP] 2 5 15 [/SUP], Carlos J Maldonado[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Margaret Sanchez Edwards[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Robert J O'Connell[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mark P Simons[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David R Tribble[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Brian K Agan[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Timothy H Burgess[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Simon D Pollett[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39494453
- PMCID: PMC11530954
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae557
Background: Previous research has shown that vaccination reduces risk of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) venous thrombosis or embolism (VTE), but the effect of vaccine boosting on post-COVID-19 VTE risk reduction is unclear. We sought to estimate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of post-COVID-19 VTE and to examine if the magnitude of this association differed among variant eras.
Methods: We performed a case-control study of Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2020-2022. Cases were defined as those with medically attended VTE within 90 days after their first positive SARS-CoV-2 test; controls were defined as SARS-CoV-2 infections without incident VTE by 90 days. Multivariate logistic regression estimated the odds of post-SARS-CoV-2 VTE based on pre-COVID-19 vaccine status, adjusting for other VTE risk factors.
Results: A total of 4646 MHS beneficiaries were included in this analysis; 1370 received a primary vaccine series and a further 790 received at least 1 booster at time of infection; 71 had VTE within 90 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Those who were vaccinated had lower odds of VTE (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) compared to the unvaccinated following infection (primary series: 0.28 [.13-.62]; booster dose: 0.06 [.01-.46]). Post-COVID-19 VTE risk was lowest during the Omicron era, but VTEs were too rare to examine for an interaction of variant era and vaccine effect.
Conclusions: Among MHS beneficiaries, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of post-COVID-19 VTE diagnosis; estimated risk reduction was larger among those who received a booster.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; variant; venous embolism; venous thrombosis.