tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Open Forum Infect Dis
. 2022 Dec 28;10(2)
fac697.
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac697. eCollection 2023 Feb.
A Longitudinal Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response in a Subset of United States Blood Donors
Laura Tonnetti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roger Y Dodd[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Donna D Burke[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Paula Saá[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bryan R Spencer[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meng Xu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], James M Haynes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Susan L Stramer[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Blood donors were tested for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); resulting antibody levels were monitored over time.
Methods: Donors reactive to anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1-total antibodies) participated in a follow-up study of 18 months. Testing for nucleocapsid antibodies distinguished between vaccination and infection. Vaccination and symptom information were collected for anti-S1-reactive donors by completing a survey.
Results: The majority of 249 followed donors were over 60 years old (54%), White (90%), and female (58%); 83% had not been vaccinated at enrollment, but by study completion, only 29% remained nonvaccinated. Of the 210 (84%) anti-N-reactive donors, 138 (66%) reported vaccination, whereas 37 (95%) of donors vaccinated and anti-N negative at enrollment remained uninfected. Vaccinated (2 doses) and infected donors showed a steady increase in anti-S1 that increased markedly for vaccinated donors after a booster and infected donors after vaccination (slightly higher for those with hybrid immunity), whereas anti-N levels declined. Most surveyed nonvaccinated donors (65%) reported symptoms, whereas 85% of vaccinated donors were asymptomatic. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was reported by 48 (31%) nonvaccinated and 3 (8%) vaccinated donors. Of asymptomatic donors, 38% never tested diagnostically for COVID-19, and 35% tested negative, suggesting an absence of knowledge of the infection.
Conclusions: Healthy blood donors were vaccinated at high rates and remained mostly asymptomatic and noninfected, whereas approximately two thirds of infected donors reported symptoms. Anti-S1 levels increased while anti-N decreased over 18 months but remained comparable between vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals with dramatic anti-S1 increases after vaccination or boosting.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; infection; vaccination.
. 2022 Dec 28;10(2)
fac697.doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac697. eCollection 2023 Feb.
A Longitudinal Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response in a Subset of United States Blood Donors
Laura Tonnetti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roger Y Dodd[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Donna D Burke[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Paula Saá[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bryan R Spencer[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meng Xu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], James M Haynes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Susan L Stramer[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36751647
- PMCID: PMC9898875
- DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac697
Abstract
Background: Blood donors were tested for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); resulting antibody levels were monitored over time.
Methods: Donors reactive to anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1-total antibodies) participated in a follow-up study of 18 months. Testing for nucleocapsid antibodies distinguished between vaccination and infection. Vaccination and symptom information were collected for anti-S1-reactive donors by completing a survey.
Results: The majority of 249 followed donors were over 60 years old (54%), White (90%), and female (58%); 83% had not been vaccinated at enrollment, but by study completion, only 29% remained nonvaccinated. Of the 210 (84%) anti-N-reactive donors, 138 (66%) reported vaccination, whereas 37 (95%) of donors vaccinated and anti-N negative at enrollment remained uninfected. Vaccinated (2 doses) and infected donors showed a steady increase in anti-S1 that increased markedly for vaccinated donors after a booster and infected donors after vaccination (slightly higher for those with hybrid immunity), whereas anti-N levels declined. Most surveyed nonvaccinated donors (65%) reported symptoms, whereas 85% of vaccinated donors were asymptomatic. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was reported by 48 (31%) nonvaccinated and 3 (8%) vaccinated donors. Of asymptomatic donors, 38% never tested diagnostically for COVID-19, and 35% tested negative, suggesting an absence of knowledge of the infection.
Conclusions: Healthy blood donors were vaccinated at high rates and remained mostly asymptomatic and noninfected, whereas approximately two thirds of infected donors reported symptoms. Anti-S1 levels increased while anti-N decreased over 18 months but remained comparable between vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals with dramatic anti-S1 increases after vaccination or boosting.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; infection; vaccination.