tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
One Health
. 2025 Jul 14:21:101134.
doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101134. eCollection 2025 Dec. Hunting-training dogs and companion dogs in the Netherlands are frequently exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5) and human H1N1 virus, 2021-2023
Mirjam B H M Duijvestijn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nancy N M P Schuurman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johannes C M Vernooij[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marian J Broekhuizen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Erwin de Bruin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Benine S Carrière[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Judith M A van den Brand[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jaap A Wagenaar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Frank J M van Kuppeveld[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Herman F Egberink[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cornelis A M de Haan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josanne H Verhagen[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Dogs are susceptible to the currently circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 and human H1N1[SUB]pdm2009[/SUB] (pandemic H1N1) viruses, yet little is known about the extent to which dogs are exposed to both these viruses. Here we investigated HPAI H5 and human H1N1[SUB]pdm2009[/SUB] virus exposure in domestic dogs-including dogs that participated in hunting-training-and investigated lifestyle factors associated with HPAI H5 virus exposure. We screened sera from 538 dogs, sampled between 2021 and 2023, for influenza A virus antibodies, using ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAIs). We analyzed lung tissue and (naso)pharyngeal swabs for influenza A viruses using RT-qPCR. Seropositivity to HPAI H5 virus was more frequent (13.3 %) in hunting-training dogs than in companion dogs with unknown bird contact (3.7 %). In contrast, seropositivity to H1N1[SUB]pdm2009[/SUB] was more frequent in companion dogs (7.1 %) than in hunting-training dogs (0.7 %). Based on owner questionnaires, seropositivity to HPAI H5 by ELISA in hunting-training dogs was significantly associated with recent bird contact in/near water (odds ratio 6.9). No influenza A viruses were detected in 207 necropsy dogs and 180 (hunting) dogs. Our findings suggest that dogs are frequently exposed to zoonotic influenza A viruses, and we recommend dog owners to avoid dog contact with sick/dead birds.
Keywords: Antibodies; Avian influenza; Canine; Europe; Pandemic preparedness; Serosurveillance; Zoonosis.
. 2025 Jul 14:21:101134.
doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101134. eCollection 2025 Dec. Hunting-training dogs and companion dogs in the Netherlands are frequently exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI H5) and human H1N1 virus, 2021-2023
Mirjam B H M Duijvestijn[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nancy N M P Schuurman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johannes C M Vernooij[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marian J Broekhuizen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Erwin de Bruin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Benine S Carrière[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Judith M A van den Brand[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jaap A Wagenaar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Frank J M van Kuppeveld[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Herman F Egberink[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cornelis A M de Haan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Josanne H Verhagen[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40704222
- PMCID: PMC12284654
- DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101134
Dogs are susceptible to the currently circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 and human H1N1[SUB]pdm2009[/SUB] (pandemic H1N1) viruses, yet little is known about the extent to which dogs are exposed to both these viruses. Here we investigated HPAI H5 and human H1N1[SUB]pdm2009[/SUB] virus exposure in domestic dogs-including dogs that participated in hunting-training-and investigated lifestyle factors associated with HPAI H5 virus exposure. We screened sera from 538 dogs, sampled between 2021 and 2023, for influenza A virus antibodies, using ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAIs). We analyzed lung tissue and (naso)pharyngeal swabs for influenza A viruses using RT-qPCR. Seropositivity to HPAI H5 virus was more frequent (13.3 %) in hunting-training dogs than in companion dogs with unknown bird contact (3.7 %). In contrast, seropositivity to H1N1[SUB]pdm2009[/SUB] was more frequent in companion dogs (7.1 %) than in hunting-training dogs (0.7 %). Based on owner questionnaires, seropositivity to HPAI H5 by ELISA in hunting-training dogs was significantly associated with recent bird contact in/near water (odds ratio 6.9). No influenza A viruses were detected in 207 necropsy dogs and 180 (hunting) dogs. Our findings suggest that dogs are frequently exposed to zoonotic influenza A viruses, and we recommend dog owners to avoid dog contact with sick/dead birds.
Keywords: Antibodies; Avian influenza; Canine; Europe; Pandemic preparedness; Serosurveillance; Zoonosis.