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Nat. Med. Zika viral dynamics and shedding in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques

tetano

tetano

Editor, Senior Moderator
[h=1]Zika viral dynamics and shedding in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques[/h]
Nature Medicine (2016) doi:10.1038/nm.4206
[h=1]Abstract[/h]
Infection with Zika virus has been associated with serious neurological complications and fetal abnormalities. However, the dynamics of viral infection, replication and shedding are poorly understood. Here we show that both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are highly susceptible to infection by lineages of Zika virus that are closely related to, or are currently circulating in, the Americas. After subcutaneous viral inoculation, viral RNA was detected in blood plasma as early as 1 d after infection. Viral RNA was also detected in saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and semen, but transiently in vaginal secretions. Although viral RNA during primary infection was cleared from blood plasma and urine within 10 d, viral RNA was detectable in saliva and seminal fluids until the end of the study, 3 weeks after the resolution of viremia in the blood. The control of primary Zika virus infection in the blood was correlated with rapid innate and adaptive immune responses. We also identified Zika RNA in tissues, including the brain and male and female reproductive tissues, during early and late stages of infection. Re-infection of six animals 45 d after primary infection with a heterologous strain resulted in complete protection, which suggests that primary Zika virus infection elicits protective immunity. Early invasion of Zika virus into the nervous system of healthy animals and the extent and duration of shedding in saliva and semen underscore possible concern for additional neurologic complications and nonarthropod-mediated transmission in humans.


http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.4206.html
 
Zika virus infection may prevent reinfection, collaborative Biosecurity Research Institute study finds

[FONT=&quot]Thursday, Oct. 13, 2016[/FONT]

MANHATTAN — People infected with Zika virus may not be susceptible to Zika virus again, according to the latest research involving Kansas State University's Biosecurity Research Institute.


[FONT=&quot]"The research shows that infection provides excellent protection against reinfection," said Stephen Higgs, director of the Biosecurity Research Institute. "This means people infected during this current epidemic will likely not be susceptible again. When a large proportion of the population is protected — known as herd immunity — the risk of future epidemics may be low."

The protection against reinfection was one of several findings published in a recent Nature Medicine article. Other findings show that Zika virus is present in the blood very early during infection and remains in some tissues for a long time but is only briefly present in other tissues.

The research involved Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine researchers Dana Vanlandingham, assistant professor of virology, and Yan-Jang Huang, postdoctoral fellow in diagnostic medicine and pathobiology. They produced Zika virus at the Biosecurity Research Institute and provided it to collaborators to support studies performed at several other laboratories.

Collaborators included scientists at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, including the National Institutes of Health's Viral Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Research Center, Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research and the Structural Informatics Unit in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases; the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Chemical Engineering Program; the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at Harvard Medical School; the Electron Microscopy Laboratory in the Cancer Research Technology Program at Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.'s Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research; and the Translational Medicine Branch and Viral Diseases Branch with the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.

Kansas State University has a long-standing research partnership with Bioqual, Higgs said. The latest collaboration helps to better understand the dynamics of Zika viral infection, replication and shedding.

Other important findings in the Nature Medicine article include:

• Zika RNA was detected in blood plasma as early as one day after Zika virus infection. It also was detected in saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and semen, and was briefly detected in vaginal secretions.[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]• Zika RNA cleared from blood plasma and urine within 10 days, but viral RNA was detectable in saliva and seminal fluids until at least three weeks after Zika virus was no longer present in the blood.

• During early and late states of infection, Zika RNA was detected in tissues, including the brain and male and female reproductive tissues.

The researchers also discovered better models for improving Zika virus research and more quickly testing vaccines.

Higgs noted that further research is needed to understand how Zika virus invades the nervous system and to determine how long and how extensively Zika virus remains in saliva and semen.
...
http://www.k-state.edu/media/newsrel...ure101316.html[/FONT]
 
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