tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Aging
. 2022 Oct;2(10):896-905.
doi: 10.1038/s43587-022-00292-y. Epub 2022 Oct 14. Signs of immunosenescence correlate with poor outcome of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in older adults
Miguel Ángel Palacios-Pedrero[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Janina M Jansen[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cornelia Blume[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nils Stanislawski[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rebecca Jonczyk[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Antonia Molle[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mariana Gonzalez Hernandez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Franziska K Kaiser[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Klaus Jung[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Albert D M E Osterhaus[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Guus F Rimmelzwaan[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Giulietta Saletti[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization and fatal outcome. However, several studies indicated that there is reduced vaccine effectiveness among older individuals, which is correlated with their general health status[SUP]1,2[/SUP]. How and to what extent age-related immunological defects are responsible for the suboptimal vaccine responses observed in older individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine, is unclear and not fully investigated[SUP]1,3-5[/SUP]. In this observational study, we investigated adaptive immune responses in adults of various ages (22-99 years old) receiving 2 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine-induced Spike-specific antibody, and T and memory B cell responses decreased with increasing age. These responses positively correlated with the percentages of peripheral naïve CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells and negatively with CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells expressing signs of immunosenescence. Older adults displayed a preferred T cell response to the S2 region of the Spike protein, which is relatively conserved and a target for cross-reactive T cells induced by human 'common cold' coronaviruses. Memory T cell responses to influenza virus were not affected by age-related changes, nor the SARS-CoV-2-specific response induced by infection. Collectively, we identified signs of immunosenescence correlating with the outcome of vaccination against a new viral antigen to which older adults are immunologically naïve. This knowledge is important for the management of COVID-19 infections in older adults.
. 2022 Oct;2(10):896-905.
doi: 10.1038/s43587-022-00292-y. Epub 2022 Oct 14. Signs of immunosenescence correlate with poor outcome of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in older adults
Miguel Ángel Palacios-Pedrero[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Janina M Jansen[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cornelia Blume[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nils Stanislawski[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rebecca Jonczyk[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Antonia Molle[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mariana Gonzalez Hernandez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Franziska K Kaiser[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Klaus Jung[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Albert D M E Osterhaus[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Guus F Rimmelzwaan[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Giulietta Saletti[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37118289
- DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00292-y
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is effective in preventing COVID-19 hospitalization and fatal outcome. However, several studies indicated that there is reduced vaccine effectiveness among older individuals, which is correlated with their general health status[SUP]1,2[/SUP]. How and to what extent age-related immunological defects are responsible for the suboptimal vaccine responses observed in older individuals receiving SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine, is unclear and not fully investigated[SUP]1,3-5[/SUP]. In this observational study, we investigated adaptive immune responses in adults of various ages (22-99 years old) receiving 2 doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Vaccine-induced Spike-specific antibody, and T and memory B cell responses decreased with increasing age. These responses positively correlated with the percentages of peripheral naïve CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells and negatively with CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells expressing signs of immunosenescence. Older adults displayed a preferred T cell response to the S2 region of the Spike protein, which is relatively conserved and a target for cross-reactive T cells induced by human 'common cold' coronaviruses. Memory T cell responses to influenza virus were not affected by age-related changes, nor the SARS-CoV-2-specific response induced by infection. Collectively, we identified signs of immunosenescence correlating with the outcome of vaccination against a new viral antigen to which older adults are immunologically naïve. This knowledge is important for the management of COVID-19 infections in older adults.