tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Microorganisms
. 2021 Jan 27;9(2):259.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020259.
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric A/B Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Mouse Model
Ekaterina Stepanova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elena Krutikova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pei-Fong Wong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Victoria Matyushenko[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ekaterina Bazhenova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Irina Isakova-Sivak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Larisa Rudenko[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines are composed of three or four strains: A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B (Victoria and Yamagata lineages). It is of great interest if immunization against both type A and B influenza viruses can be combined in a single vaccine strain, thus reducing the cost of vaccine production and the possibility of strain interference within the multicomponent vaccine. In the current study, we developed an experimental live cold-adapted influenza intertype reassortant (influenza A and B) vaccine on the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) A/Leningrad/134/17/57 backbone. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) functional domains were inherited from the influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain, whereas their packaging signals were substituted with appropriate fragments of influenza A virus genes. The recombinant A/B virus efficiently replicated in eggs and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells under optimal conditions, temperature-sensitive phenotype was maintained, and its antigenic properties matched the influenza B parental virus. The chimeric vaccine was attenuated in mice: after intranasal immunization, viral replication was seen only in nasal turbinates but not in the lungs. Immunological studies demonstrated the induction of IgG antibody responses against the influenza A and B virus, whereas hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibodies were detected only against the influenza B virus, resulting in significant protection of immunized animals against influenza B virus challenge. IFNγ-secreting CD8 effector memory T cells (CD44[SUP]+[/SUP]CD62L[SUP]-[/SUP]) were detected in mouse splenocytes after stimulation with the specific influenza A peptide (NP[SUB]366[/SUB]); however, the T-cell response was not sufficient to protect animals against infection with a high-dose mouse-adapted A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus, most probably due to the mismatch of key T-cell epitopes of the H1N1 virus and the LAIV backbone. Overall, generation of the chimeric A/B LAIV virus on a licensed LAIV backbone demonstrated prospects for the development of safe and efficacious vaccine candidates that afford combined protection against both type A and type B influenza viruses; however, further optimization of the T-cell epitope content within the LAIV backbone may be required.
Keywords: LAIV; chimeric hemagglutinin; genome packaging; influenza B virus; influenza virus; live attenuated influenza vaccine; reassortment; universal influenza vaccine.
. 2021 Jan 27;9(2):259.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9020259.
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric A/B Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in a Mouse Model
Ekaterina Stepanova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elena Krutikova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pei-Fong Wong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Victoria Matyushenko[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ekaterina Bazhenova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Irina Isakova-Sivak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Larisa Rudenko[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33513862
- DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020259
Abstract
Influenza A and B viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current influenza vaccines are composed of three or four strains: A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B (Victoria and Yamagata lineages). It is of great interest if immunization against both type A and B influenza viruses can be combined in a single vaccine strain, thus reducing the cost of vaccine production and the possibility of strain interference within the multicomponent vaccine. In the current study, we developed an experimental live cold-adapted influenza intertype reassortant (influenza A and B) vaccine on the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) A/Leningrad/134/17/57 backbone. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) functional domains were inherited from the influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain, whereas their packaging signals were substituted with appropriate fragments of influenza A virus genes. The recombinant A/B virus efficiently replicated in eggs and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells under optimal conditions, temperature-sensitive phenotype was maintained, and its antigenic properties matched the influenza B parental virus. The chimeric vaccine was attenuated in mice: after intranasal immunization, viral replication was seen only in nasal turbinates but not in the lungs. Immunological studies demonstrated the induction of IgG antibody responses against the influenza A and B virus, whereas hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibodies were detected only against the influenza B virus, resulting in significant protection of immunized animals against influenza B virus challenge. IFNγ-secreting CD8 effector memory T cells (CD44[SUP]+[/SUP]CD62L[SUP]-[/SUP]) were detected in mouse splenocytes after stimulation with the specific influenza A peptide (NP[SUB]366[/SUB]); however, the T-cell response was not sufficient to protect animals against infection with a high-dose mouse-adapted A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm09) virus, most probably due to the mismatch of key T-cell epitopes of the H1N1 virus and the LAIV backbone. Overall, generation of the chimeric A/B LAIV virus on a licensed LAIV backbone demonstrated prospects for the development of safe and efficacious vaccine candidates that afford combined protection against both type A and type B influenza viruses; however, further optimization of the T-cell epitope content within the LAIV backbone may be required.
Keywords: LAIV; chimeric hemagglutinin; genome packaging; influenza B virus; influenza virus; live attenuated influenza vaccine; reassortment; universal influenza vaccine.