tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Microorganisms
. 2021 Sep 16;9(9):1964.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091964.
COVID-19 Infection in Children, Infants and Pregnant Subjects: An Overview of Recent Insights and Therapies
Giuseppina Malcangi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alessio Danilo Inchingolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angelo Michele Inchingolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luigi Santacroce[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Grazia Marinelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Antonio Mancini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luigi Vimercati[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Elena Maggiore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Teresa D'Oria[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Denisa Hazballa[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ioana Roxana Bordea[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Edit Xhajanka[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Antonio Scarano[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Marco Farronato[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gianluca Martino Tartaglia[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Delia Giovanniello[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ludovica Nucci[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Rosario Serpico[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Gilberto Sammartino[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Loredana Capozzi[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Antonio Parisi[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Marina Di Domenico[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Felice Lorusso[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Maria Contaldo[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Francesco Inchingolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gianna Dipalma[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has involved a severe increase of cases worldwide in a wide range of populations. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate recent insights about COVID-19 infection in children, infants and pregnant subjects.
Methods: a literature overview was performed including clinical trials, in vitro studies, reviews and published guidelines regarding the present paper topic. A descriptive synthesis was performed to evaluate recent insights and the effectiveness of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, infants and pregnant subjects.
Results: Insufficient data are available regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and the clinical risk of spontaneous abortion and premature foetus death. A decrease in the incidence of COVID-19 could be correlated to a minor expression of ACE2 in childrens' lungs. At present, a modulation of the dose-effect posology for children and infants is necessary.
Conclusions: Pregnant vertical transmission has been hypothesised for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccines are necessary to achieve mass immunity for children and also pregnant subjects.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; children; coronavirus-19; pandemics; pregnant; therapy.
. 2021 Sep 16;9(9):1964.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091964.
COVID-19 Infection in Children, Infants and Pregnant Subjects: An Overview of Recent Insights and Therapies
Giuseppina Malcangi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alessio Danilo Inchingolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angelo Michele Inchingolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luigi Santacroce[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Grazia Marinelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Antonio Mancini[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luigi Vimercati[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Elena Maggiore[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Teresa D'Oria[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Denisa Hazballa[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ioana Roxana Bordea[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Edit Xhajanka[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Antonio Scarano[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Marco Farronato[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gianluca Martino Tartaglia[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Delia Giovanniello[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ludovica Nucci[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Rosario Serpico[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Gilberto Sammartino[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Loredana Capozzi[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Antonio Parisi[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Marina Di Domenico[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Felice Lorusso[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Maria Contaldo[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Francesco Inchingolo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gianna Dipalma[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34576859
- DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091964
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has involved a severe increase of cases worldwide in a wide range of populations. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate recent insights about COVID-19 infection in children, infants and pregnant subjects.
Methods: a literature overview was performed including clinical trials, in vitro studies, reviews and published guidelines regarding the present paper topic. A descriptive synthesis was performed to evaluate recent insights and the effectiveness of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, infants and pregnant subjects.
Results: Insufficient data are available regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and the clinical risk of spontaneous abortion and premature foetus death. A decrease in the incidence of COVID-19 could be correlated to a minor expression of ACE2 in childrens' lungs. At present, a modulation of the dose-effect posology for children and infants is necessary.
Conclusions: Pregnant vertical transmission has been hypothesised for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccines are necessary to achieve mass immunity for children and also pregnant subjects.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; children; coronavirus-19; pandemics; pregnant; therapy.