tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Microbiol Spectr
. 2025 Feb 19:e0133324.
doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01333-24. Online ahead of print. Persistence and decay of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity in a Canadian cohort
Amy Nouanesengsy[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Anthony Semesi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kim Quach[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danton Ivanochko[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Walter Byrne[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Matthew Hwang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Maria-Rosa La Neve[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Matilde Leon-Ponte[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Alice Litosh[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nicole Wisener[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Khosrow Adeli[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Aaron Campigotto[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Eyal Grunebaum[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Allison McGeer[SUP] 6 9 [/SUP], Theo J Moraes[SUP] 6 10 [/SUP], Lusia Sepiashvili[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Julia Upton[SUP] 5 11 [/SUP], Jean-Philippe Julien[SUP] 1 2 12 [/SUP], Upton Allen[SUP] 4 8 11 [/SUP]
Affiliations
A major challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been assessing the intensity, dynamics, and determinants of the antibody responses after infection and/or vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the longitudinal dynamics of the antibody responses among naturally infected individuals and individuals who achieved hybrid immunity in a large Canadian cohort. We demonstrate that anti-Spike IgGs and neutralizing antibody dynamics vary greatly among individuals with COVID-19, in peak antibody levels, rate of waning, and longevity of the antibody response. Additionally, we found an association between robust antibody responses and individuals with severe COVID-19 clinical symptoms during the first-month post-symptom onset. For individuals who achieved hybrid immunity, a robust increase in anti-S1 IgGs and neutralizing antibodies followed the first vaccination dose; however, there was a minimal increase in the anti-S1 IgGs and neutralizing antibody titers after administration of the second dose of the vaccine. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies elicited by the wild-type virus alone were largely ineffective against emerging variants of concern in our natural infection-only cohort, in contrast to a much broader and more robust neutralization profile observed in individuals who achieved hybrid immunity. Our findings emphasize the need for global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efforts to further sustain protective immune responses required to minimize viral spread and disease severity in the population. As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, understanding the interplay between previous infections, vaccine durability, and virus evolution will be critical for guiding ongoing vaccination strategies.
Importance: A major challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been assessing the intensity, dynamics, and determinants of the antibody response after infection and/or vaccination. Our paper addresses this in a large Canadian cohort with antibody responses that were generated by natural infection as well as vaccine in some persons studied.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; hybrid immunity; neutralizing antibodies.
. 2025 Feb 19:e0133324.
doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01333-24. Online ahead of print. Persistence and decay of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity in a Canadian cohort
Amy Nouanesengsy[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Anthony Semesi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kim Quach[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danton Ivanochko[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Walter Byrne[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Matthew Hwang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Maria-Rosa La Neve[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Matilde Leon-Ponte[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Alice Litosh[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nicole Wisener[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Khosrow Adeli[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Aaron Campigotto[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Eyal Grunebaum[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Allison McGeer[SUP] 6 9 [/SUP], Theo J Moraes[SUP] 6 10 [/SUP], Lusia Sepiashvili[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Julia Upton[SUP] 5 11 [/SUP], Jean-Philippe Julien[SUP] 1 2 12 [/SUP], Upton Allen[SUP] 4 8 11 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39969224
- DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01333-24
A major challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been assessing the intensity, dynamics, and determinants of the antibody responses after infection and/or vaccination. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the longitudinal dynamics of the antibody responses among naturally infected individuals and individuals who achieved hybrid immunity in a large Canadian cohort. We demonstrate that anti-Spike IgGs and neutralizing antibody dynamics vary greatly among individuals with COVID-19, in peak antibody levels, rate of waning, and longevity of the antibody response. Additionally, we found an association between robust antibody responses and individuals with severe COVID-19 clinical symptoms during the first-month post-symptom onset. For individuals who achieved hybrid immunity, a robust increase in anti-S1 IgGs and neutralizing antibodies followed the first vaccination dose; however, there was a minimal increase in the anti-S1 IgGs and neutralizing antibody titers after administration of the second dose of the vaccine. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies elicited by the wild-type virus alone were largely ineffective against emerging variants of concern in our natural infection-only cohort, in contrast to a much broader and more robust neutralization profile observed in individuals who achieved hybrid immunity. Our findings emphasize the need for global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efforts to further sustain protective immune responses required to minimize viral spread and disease severity in the population. As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, understanding the interplay between previous infections, vaccine durability, and virus evolution will be critical for guiding ongoing vaccination strategies.
Importance: A major challenge with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been assessing the intensity, dynamics, and determinants of the antibody response after infection and/or vaccination. Our paper addresses this in a large Canadian cohort with antibody responses that were generated by natural infection as well as vaccine in some persons studied.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; hybrid immunity; neutralizing antibodies.