tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Microbiol Spectr
. 2024 Feb 6:e0243523.
doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02435-23. Online ahead of print. Increased antibody titers but induced T cell AICD and apoptosis response in COVID-19 convalescents by inactivated vaccine booster
Jingmin Zhao[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Han Zhang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Lina Jiang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fang Cheng[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Wei Li[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 [/SUP], Zihao Wang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Hongyang Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaohua Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiyun Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Meiling Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yan Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shuhong Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Min Fang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Xuyu Zhou[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Xin Ye[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Shousong Zhao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yuxuan Zheng[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Songdong Meng[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
It is urgently needed to evaluate the necessity and benefits of booster vaccination against the coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron to facilitate clinical decision-making for 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents. We conducted a multicenter, prospective clinical trial (registration number: ChiCTR2100045810) in the first patients with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 20 February 2020 to assess the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron BA.5 and further assess the efficiency and safety of CoronaVac in the convalescent group. A total of 96 COVID-19 convalescents were enrolled in this study. Neutralizing antibody titers in convalescents were significantly reduced in 9-10 months. A dose-refreshing vaccination in 28 convalescents with an antibody titer below 96 significantly induced neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron by 4.84-fold. Meanwhile, the abundance of naive T cells increased dramatically, and T[SUB]EMRA[/SUB] and T[SUB]EM[/SUB] cells gradually decreased after vaccination. Activation-induced cell death and apoptosis-related genes were significantly elevated after vaccination in all T-cell subtypes. One-dose booster vaccination was effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in COVID-19 convalescents with low antibody titers. However, vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns may be detrimental to the antiviral response.IMPORTANCEThe globally dominant coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant raises the possibility of repeat infections among 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents with low neutralizing antibody titers. The importance of this multicenter study lies in its evaluation of the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescents and the efficacy of a booster vaccination against the live Omicron. The findings suggest that a one-dose booster vaccination is effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in convalescents with low antibody titers. However, the study also highlights the potential detrimental effects on the antiviral response due to vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns. These results are crucial for facilitating clinical decision-making for COVID-19 convalescents and informing public health policies regarding booster vaccinations.
Keywords: Omicron; SARS-CoV-2; T cells; cell death; convalescents; vaccine.
. 2024 Feb 6:e0243523.
doi: 10.1128/spectrum.02435-23. Online ahead of print. Increased antibody titers but induced T cell AICD and apoptosis response in COVID-19 convalescents by inactivated vaccine booster
Jingmin Zhao[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Han Zhang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Lina Jiang[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fang Cheng[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Wei Li[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 [/SUP], Zihao Wang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Hongyang Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaohua Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiyun Jiang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Meiling Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yan Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shuhong Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Min Fang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Xuyu Zhou[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Xin Ye[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Shousong Zhao[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yuxuan Zheng[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Songdong Meng[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38319108
- DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02435-23
It is urgently needed to evaluate the necessity and benefits of booster vaccination against the coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron to facilitate clinical decision-making for 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents. We conducted a multicenter, prospective clinical trial (registration number: ChiCTR2100045810) in the first patients with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 20 February 2020 to assess the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron BA.5 and further assess the efficiency and safety of CoronaVac in the convalescent group. A total of 96 COVID-19 convalescents were enrolled in this study. Neutralizing antibody titers in convalescents were significantly reduced in 9-10 months. A dose-refreshing vaccination in 28 convalescents with an antibody titer below 96 significantly induced neutralizing antibodies against live Omicron by 4.84-fold. Meanwhile, the abundance of naive T cells increased dramatically, and T[SUB]EMRA[/SUB] and T[SUB]EM[/SUB] cells gradually decreased after vaccination. Activation-induced cell death and apoptosis-related genes were significantly elevated after vaccination in all T-cell subtypes. One-dose booster vaccination was effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in COVID-19 convalescents with low antibody titers. However, vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns may be detrimental to the antiviral response.IMPORTANCEThe globally dominant coronavirus 2 of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant raises the possibility of repeat infections among 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) convalescents with low neutralizing antibody titers. The importance of this multicenter study lies in its evaluation of the long-term durability of neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 convalescents and the efficacy of a booster vaccination against the live Omicron. The findings suggest that a one-dose booster vaccination is effective in inducing a robust antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in convalescents with low antibody titers. However, the study also highlights the potential detrimental effects on the antiviral response due to vaccine-mediated T-cell consumption and regeneration patterns. These results are crucial for facilitating clinical decision-making for COVID-19 convalescents and informing public health policies regarding booster vaccinations.
Keywords: Omicron; SARS-CoV-2; T cells; cell death; convalescents; vaccine.