tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Microbiol Immunol
. 2022 Oct 18.
doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.13034. Online ahead of print.
Smoking Enhances the Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Involved in the Efficiency of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Rigel Suzuki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuki Ono[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Koji Noshita[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Kwang Su Kim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Hayato Ito[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuhei Morioka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tomokazu Tamura[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daisuke Okuzaki[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Tetsuzo Tagawa[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tomoyoshi Takenaka[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tomoharu Yoshizumi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Teppei Shimamura[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Shingo Iwami[SUP] 5 8 9 10 11 12 [/SUP], Takasuke Fukuhara[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Smoking is one of the risk factors most closely related to the severity of COVID-19. However, the relationship between smoking history and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the ACE2 expression level in the lungs of current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. The ACE2 expression level of ex-smokers who smoked cigarettes until recently (cessation period shorter than 6 months) was higher than that of non-smokers and ex-smokers with a long history of non-smoking (cessation period longer than 6 months). We also showed that the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was enhanced in a manner dependent on the ACE2 expression level. Using RNA-seq analysis on the lungs of smokers, we identified that the expression of inflammatory signaling genes was correlated with ACE2 expression. Notably, with increasing duration of smoking cessation among ex-smokers, not only ACE2 expression level but also the expression levels of inflammatory signaling genes decreased. These results indicated that smoking enhances the expression levels of ACE2 and inflammatory signaling genes. Our data suggest that the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 infection is enhanced by smoking-mediated upregulation of ACE2 expression level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; inflammation; smoking..
. 2022 Oct 18.
doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.13034. Online ahead of print.
Smoking Enhances the Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Involved in the Efficiency of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Rigel Suzuki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuki Ono[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Koji Noshita[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Kwang Su Kim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Hayato Ito[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuhei Morioka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tomokazu Tamura[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daisuke Okuzaki[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Tetsuzo Tagawa[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tomoyoshi Takenaka[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tomoharu Yoshizumi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Teppei Shimamura[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Shingo Iwami[SUP] 5 8 9 10 11 12 [/SUP], Takasuke Fukuhara[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36258658
- DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13034
Abstract
Smoking is one of the risk factors most closely related to the severity of COVID-19. However, the relationship between smoking history and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the ACE2 expression level in the lungs of current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. The ACE2 expression level of ex-smokers who smoked cigarettes until recently (cessation period shorter than 6 months) was higher than that of non-smokers and ex-smokers with a long history of non-smoking (cessation period longer than 6 months). We also showed that the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 infection was enhanced in a manner dependent on the ACE2 expression level. Using RNA-seq analysis on the lungs of smokers, we identified that the expression of inflammatory signaling genes was correlated with ACE2 expression. Notably, with increasing duration of smoking cessation among ex-smokers, not only ACE2 expression level but also the expression levels of inflammatory signaling genes decreased. These results indicated that smoking enhances the expression levels of ACE2 and inflammatory signaling genes. Our data suggest that the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 infection is enhanced by smoking-mediated upregulation of ACE2 expression level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; inflammation; smoking..