tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Microbes Infect
. 2024 Sep 17:105423.
doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423. Online ahead of print. High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
Rocío Rubio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dídac Macià[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Diana Barrios[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marta Vidal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alfons Jiménez[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Luis M Molinos-Albert[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natalia Díaz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mar Canyelles[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Lara-Escandell[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cyril Planchais[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pere Santamaria[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Carlo Carolis[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Luis Izquierdo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ruth Aguilar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gemma Moncunill[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Carlota Dobaño[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) studies usually rely on cross-sectional data of large cohorts but limited repeated samples, overlooking significant inter-individual antibody kinetic differences. By combining Luminex, activation-induced marker (AIM) and IFN-γ/IL-2 Fluorospot assays, we characterized the IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody kinetics using 610 samples from 31 healthy adults over two years after COVID-19 vaccination, and the T-cell responses six months post-booster. Antibody trajectories varied among isotypes: IgG decayed slowly, IgA exhibited an initial sharp decline, which gradually slowed down and stabilized above the seropositivity threshold. Contrarily, IgM rapidly dropped to undetectable levels after primary vaccination. Importantly, three vaccine doses induced higher and more durable anti-spike IgG and IgA levels compared to two doses, whereas infection led to the highest antibody peak and slowest antibody decay rate compared to vaccination. Comparing with ancestral virus, antibody levels recognizing Omicron subvariants had a faster antibody decay. Finally, polyfunctional T cells were positively associated with subsequent IgA responses. These results revealed distinctive antibody patterns by isotype and highlight the benefits of booster doses in enhancing and sustaining antibody responses.
Keywords: Antibody kinetics; COVID-19 vaccine; Memory T-cell responses; SARS-CoV-2; VoCs.
. 2024 Sep 17:105423.
doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423. Online ahead of print. High-resolution kinetics and cellular determinants of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response over two years after COVID-19 vaccination
Rocío Rubio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dídac Macià[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Diana Barrios[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Marta Vidal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alfons Jiménez[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Luis M Molinos-Albert[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natalia Díaz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mar Canyelles[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Lara-Escandell[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cyril Planchais[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pere Santamaria[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Carlo Carolis[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Luis Izquierdo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ruth Aguilar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gemma Moncunill[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Carlota Dobaño[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39299570
- DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105423
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) studies usually rely on cross-sectional data of large cohorts but limited repeated samples, overlooking significant inter-individual antibody kinetic differences. By combining Luminex, activation-induced marker (AIM) and IFN-γ/IL-2 Fluorospot assays, we characterized the IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody kinetics using 610 samples from 31 healthy adults over two years after COVID-19 vaccination, and the T-cell responses six months post-booster. Antibody trajectories varied among isotypes: IgG decayed slowly, IgA exhibited an initial sharp decline, which gradually slowed down and stabilized above the seropositivity threshold. Contrarily, IgM rapidly dropped to undetectable levels after primary vaccination. Importantly, three vaccine doses induced higher and more durable anti-spike IgG and IgA levels compared to two doses, whereas infection led to the highest antibody peak and slowest antibody decay rate compared to vaccination. Comparing with ancestral virus, antibody levels recognizing Omicron subvariants had a faster antibody decay. Finally, polyfunctional T cells were positively associated with subsequent IgA responses. These results revealed distinctive antibody patterns by isotype and highlight the benefits of booster doses in enhancing and sustaining antibody responses.
Keywords: Antibody kinetics; COVID-19 vaccine; Memory T-cell responses; SARS-CoV-2; VoCs.