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Megaconstellations of satellites are burning up in our atmosphere. That could have consequences

Mary Wilson

Well-known member
A new study looks at the potential that these satellite burn-ups could have on the recovery of our ozone hole

​Posted: Jun 20, 2024 3:00 AM CDT | Last Updated: June 20
Nicole Mortillaro · CBC News ·​

... These are satellites, and there are thousands of them in orbit. When they've outlived their usefulness, most of them will come tumbling back down through Earth's atmosphere, burning up.

Scientists are now looking at how this process is dumping potentially harmful particles in our atmosphere. And though the exact consequences are still unknown, some are calling it a wake-up call.

'Weird metals' in the atmosphere

There are an estimated 11,500 tonnes of space objects orbiting Earth, which would include even the smallest pieces around one millimetre in size (likely satellite collisions). But there are far larger objects in space, including spent rocket stages and upwards of 9,000 functioning satellites. More than half of them are SpaceX Starlinks, which provide internet services.

As of publication, there are roughly 5,200 Starlink satellites, but SpaceX has plans to put up upwards of 42,000. ...

... "In looking at the data, I started seeing not just the metals you expect from meteors, which are things like iron and magnesium, but also weird metals."​

The first of those was lithium, which left Murphy scratching his head, since there's almost no lithium in meteors that burn up in the atmosphere. But then more and more started popping out — in all, 20 different metals — including an excess of aluminum, as well asniobium and hafnium.

Most rockets are have large quantities of aluminum, while the cones around rocket engines contain niobium and hafnium, along with zirconium. ...

https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/sat...and there,harmful particles in our atmosphere.

 
AGU Journals

Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise During Atmospheric Reentry in the Era of Mega-Constellations - AGU

​First published: 11 June 2024

https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL109280

José P. Ferreira, Ziyu Huang, Ken-ichi Nomura, Joseph Wang

Abstract

Large constellations of small satellites will significantly increase the number of objects orbiting the Earth. Satellites burn up at the end of service life during reentry, generating aluminum oxides as the main byproduct. These are known catalysts for chlorine activation that depletes ozone in the stratosphere. We present the first atomic-scale molecular dynamics simulation study to resolve the oxidation process of the satellite's aluminum structure during mesospheric reentry, and investigate the ozone depletion potential from aluminum oxides. We find that the demise of a typical 250-kg satellite can generate around 30 kg of aluminum oxide nanoparticles, which may endure for decades in the atmosphere. Aluminum oxide compounds generated by the entire population of satellites reentering the atmosphere in 2022 are estimated at around 17 metric tons. Reentry scenarios involving mega-constellations point to over 360 metric tons of aluminum oxide compounds per year, which can lead to significant ozone depletion.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GL109280
 
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