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[FONT=helvetica, arial]SUPPLEMENT<sup> </sup>ARTICLE[/FONT]
[FONT=helvetica, arial][SIZE=-1]<sup>1</sup>Department<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Microbiology,<sup> </sup>Mount<sup> </sup>Sinai<sup> </sup>School<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Medicine,<sup> </sup>New<sup> </sup>York,<sup> </sup>New<sup> </sup>York;<sup> </sup><sup>2</sup>Departments<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Pediatrics,<sup> </sup>Microbiology,<sup> </sup>Medicine,<sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Neurosurgery<sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Center<sup> </sup>for<sup> </sup>Biodefense<sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Emerging<sup> </sup>Infections,<sup> </sup>University<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Alabama<sup> </sup>at<sup> </sup>Birmingham,<sup> </sup>Birmingham<sup> </sup>[/SIZE][/FONT]
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<center><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%"> <tbody><tr><td>The "Spanish influenza"<sup> </sup>pandemic of 1918 was<sup> </sup>the most devastating influenza<sup> </sup>epidemic reported in history<sup> </sup>and killed >30 million<sup> </sup>people worldwide. The factors<sup> </sup>contributing to the severe<sup> </sup>pathogenicity of this influenza<sup> </sup>virus are of great<sup> </sup>interest, because avian influenza<sup> </sup>viruses circulating today pose<sup> </sup>the threat of a<sup> </sup>new pandemic if they<sup> </sup>develop sustained human-to-human transmissibility.<sup> </sup>Recent characterization of the<sup> </sup>1918 virus has illuminated<sup> </sup>which determinants may be<sup> </sup>the cause of virulence.<sup> </sup>Here, we wish to<sup> </sup>shed light on what<sup> </sup>has been learned to<sup> </sup>date about the 1918<sup> </sup>virus with regard to<sup> </sup>pathogenicity and transmissibility, to<sup> </sup>supplement our understanding of<sup> </sup>the determinants of human<sup> </sup>virulence and transmission of<sup> </sup>pandemic influenza viruses. Monitoring<sup> </sup>the sequences of avian<sup> </sup>influenza viruses for genetic<sup> </sup>changes and diversity may<sup> </sup>help us to predict<sup> </sup>the risks that these<sup> </sup>viruses pose of causing<sup> </sup>a new pandemic.<sup> </sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </center><hr>
[SIZE=-1] Presented in<sup> </sup>part: Seasonal and Pandemic<sup> </sup>Influenza 2006: At the<sup> </sup>Crossroads, a Global Opportunity,<sup> </sup>Washington, DC, 1?2 February<sup> </sup>2006 (for a list<sup> </sup>of sponsors and funding,<sup> </sup>see the Acknowledgments).<sup> </sup>
Potential conflicts<sup> </sup>of interest: R.J.W. is<sup> </sup>on the Scientific Advisory<sup> </sup>Board for Gilead Sciences<sup> </sup>and is a member<sup> </sup>of the GlaxoSmithKline and<sup> </sup>Novartis Speakers Bureaus. A.G-S.<sup> </sup>reports no conflicts of<sup> </sup>interest.<sup> </sup>
Financial support: Funding for<sup> </sup>the research conducted in<sup> </sup>A.G.-S.'s lab was partially<sup> </sup>provided by the National<sup> </sup>Institutes of Health (grants<sup> </sup>R01-AI46954, P01-AI58113, U19-AI62623, and<sup> </sup>U54-AI57158). Supplement sponsorship is<sup> </sup>detailed in the Acknowledgments.[/SIZE]
[SIZE=+2]Lessons<sup> </sup>Learned<sup> </sup>from<sup> </sup>Reconstructing<sup> </sup>the<sup> </sup>1918<sup> </sup>Influenza<sup> </sup>Pandemichttp://www.journals.uchicago.edu/JID/journal/issues/v194nS2/36710/brief/36710.abstract.html#fn1<sup> </sup>[/SIZE]
[FONT=helvetica, arial][SIZE=-1]Adolfo Garc?a-Sastre<sup>1</sup><sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Richard J. Whitley<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup><sup> </sup>[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=helvetica, arial][SIZE=-1]<sup>1</sup>Department<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Microbiology,<sup> </sup>Mount<sup> </sup>Sinai<sup> </sup>School<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Medicine,<sup> </sup>New<sup> </sup>York,<sup> </sup>New<sup> </sup>York;<sup> </sup><sup>2</sup>Departments<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Pediatrics,<sup> </sup>Microbiology,<sup> </sup>Medicine,<sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Neurosurgery<sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Center<sup> </sup>for<sup> </sup>Biodefense<sup> </sup>and<sup> </sup>Emerging<sup> </sup>Infections,<sup> </sup>University<sup> </sup>of<sup> </sup>Alabama<sup> </sup>at<sup> </sup>Birmingham,<sup> </sup>Birmingham<sup> </sup>[/SIZE][/FONT]
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<center><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="80%"> <tbody><tr><td>The "Spanish influenza"<sup> </sup>pandemic of 1918 was<sup> </sup>the most devastating influenza<sup> </sup>epidemic reported in history<sup> </sup>and killed >30 million<sup> </sup>people worldwide. The factors<sup> </sup>contributing to the severe<sup> </sup>pathogenicity of this influenza<sup> </sup>virus are of great<sup> </sup>interest, because avian influenza<sup> </sup>viruses circulating today pose<sup> </sup>the threat of a<sup> </sup>new pandemic if they<sup> </sup>develop sustained human-to-human transmissibility.<sup> </sup>Recent characterization of the<sup> </sup>1918 virus has illuminated<sup> </sup>which determinants may be<sup> </sup>the cause of virulence.<sup> </sup>Here, we wish to<sup> </sup>shed light on what<sup> </sup>has been learned to<sup> </sup>date about the 1918<sup> </sup>virus with regard to<sup> </sup>pathogenicity and transmissibility, to<sup> </sup>supplement our understanding of<sup> </sup>the determinants of human<sup> </sup>virulence and transmission of<sup> </sup>pandemic influenza viruses. Monitoring<sup> </sup>the sequences of avian<sup> </sup>influenza viruses for genetic<sup> </sup>changes and diversity may<sup> </sup>help us to predict<sup> </sup>the risks that these<sup> </sup>viruses pose of causing<sup> </sup>a new pandemic.<sup> </sup></td></tr></tbody></table> </center><hr>
[SIZE=-1] Presented in<sup> </sup>part: Seasonal and Pandemic<sup> </sup>Influenza 2006: At the<sup> </sup>Crossroads, a Global Opportunity,<sup> </sup>Washington, DC, 1?2 February<sup> </sup>2006 (for a list<sup> </sup>of sponsors and funding,<sup> </sup>see the Acknowledgments).<sup> </sup>
Potential conflicts<sup> </sup>of interest: R.J.W. is<sup> </sup>on the Scientific Advisory<sup> </sup>Board for Gilead Sciences<sup> </sup>and is a member<sup> </sup>of the GlaxoSmithKline and<sup> </sup>Novartis Speakers Bureaus. A.G-S.<sup> </sup>reports no conflicts of<sup> </sup>interest.<sup> </sup>
Financial support: Funding for<sup> </sup>the research conducted in<sup> </sup>A.G.-S.'s lab was partially<sup> </sup>provided by the National<sup> </sup>Institutes of Health (grants<sup> </sup>R01-AI46954, P01-AI58113, U19-AI62623, and<sup> </sup>U54-AI57158). Supplement sponsorship is<sup> </sup>detailed in the Acknowledgments.[/SIZE]