tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
JAMA Netw Open
. 2021 Jan 4;4(1):e2036142.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142.
Respiratory and Psychophysical Sequelae Among Patients With COVID-19 Four Months After Hospital Discharge
Mattia Bellan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Daniele Soddu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Piero Emilio Balbo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alessio Baricich[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Patrizia Zeppegno[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Gian Carlo Avanzi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Giulia Baldon[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Giuseppe Bartolomei[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Marco Battaglia[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sofia Battistini[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Valeria Binda[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margherita Borg[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Vincenzo Cantaluppi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Luigi Mario Castello[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Elisa Clivati[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carlo Cisari[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Martina Costanzo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alessandro Croce[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Daria Cuneo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carla De Benedittis[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Simona De Vecchi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alessandro Feggi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Martina Gai[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eleonora Gambaro[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eleonora Gattoni[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carla Gramaglia[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Leonardo Grisafi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chiara Guerriero[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eyal Hayden[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Amalia Jona[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marco Invernizzi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Luca Lorenzini[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lucia Loreti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Maria Martelli[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Paolo Marzullo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Erica Matino[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Antonio Panero[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Elena Parachini[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Filippo Patrucco[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Giuseppe Patti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alice Pirovano[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Pierluigi Prosperini[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Riccardo Quaglino[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cristina Rigamonti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Pier Paolo Sainaghi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Camilla Vecchi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Erika Zecca[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Mario Pirisi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Importance: Although plenty of data exist regarding clinical manifestations, course, case fatality rate, and risk factors associated with mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), long-term respiratory and functional sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 are unknown.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of lung function anomalies, exercise function impairment, and psychological sequelae among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 4 months after discharge.
Design, setting, and participants: This prospective cohort study at an academic hospital in Northern Italy was conducted among a consecutive series of patients aged 18 years and older (or their caregivers) who had received a confirmed diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection severe enough to require hospital admission from March 1 to June 29, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing, bronchial swab, serological testing, or suggestive computed tomography results.
Exposure: Severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization.
Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome of the study was to describe the proportion of patients with a diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) less than 80% of expected value. Secondary outcomes included proportion of patients with severe lung function impairment (defined as Dlco <60% expected value); proportion of patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms (measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised total score); proportion of patients with functional impairment (assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score and 2-minute walking test); and identification of factors associated with Dlco reduction and psychological or functional sequelae.
Results: Among 767 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, 494 (64.4%) refused to participate, and 35 (4.6%) died during follow-up. A total of 238 patients (31.0%) (median [interquartile range] age, 61 [50-71] years; 142 [59.7%] men; median [interquartile range] comorbidities, 2 [1-3]) consented to participate to the study. Of these, 219 patients were able to complete both pulmonary function tests and Dlco measurement. Dlco was reduced to less than 80% of the estimated value in 113 patients (51.6%) and less than 60% in 34 patients (15.5%). The SPPB score was suggested limited mobility (score <11) in 53 patients (22.3%). Patients with SPPB scores within reference range underwent a 2-minute walk test, which was outside reference ranges of expected performance for age and sex in 75 patients (40.5%); thus, a total of 128 patients (53.8%) had functional impairment. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were reported in a total of 41 patients (17.2%).
Conclusions and relevance: These findings suggest that at 4 months after discharge, respiratory, physical, and psychological sequelae were common among patients who had been hospitalized for COVID-19.
. 2021 Jan 4;4(1):e2036142.
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142.
Respiratory and Psychophysical Sequelae Among Patients With COVID-19 Four Months After Hospital Discharge
Mattia Bellan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Daniele Soddu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Piero Emilio Balbo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alessio Baricich[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Patrizia Zeppegno[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Gian Carlo Avanzi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Giulia Baldon[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Giuseppe Bartolomei[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Marco Battaglia[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sofia Battistini[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Valeria Binda[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margherita Borg[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Vincenzo Cantaluppi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Luigi Mario Castello[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Elisa Clivati[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carlo Cisari[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Martina Costanzo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alessandro Croce[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Daria Cuneo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carla De Benedittis[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Simona De Vecchi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alessandro Feggi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Martina Gai[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eleonora Gambaro[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eleonora Gattoni[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carla Gramaglia[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Leonardo Grisafi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chiara Guerriero[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Eyal Hayden[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Amalia Jona[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marco Invernizzi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Luca Lorenzini[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lucia Loreti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Maria Martelli[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Paolo Marzullo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Erica Matino[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Antonio Panero[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Elena Parachini[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Filippo Patrucco[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Giuseppe Patti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alice Pirovano[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Pierluigi Prosperini[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Riccardo Quaglino[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Cristina Rigamonti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Pier Paolo Sainaghi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Camilla Vecchi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Erika Zecca[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Mario Pirisi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33502487
- DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142
Abstract
Importance: Although plenty of data exist regarding clinical manifestations, course, case fatality rate, and risk factors associated with mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), long-term respiratory and functional sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 are unknown.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of lung function anomalies, exercise function impairment, and psychological sequelae among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 4 months after discharge.
Design, setting, and participants: This prospective cohort study at an academic hospital in Northern Italy was conducted among a consecutive series of patients aged 18 years and older (or their caregivers) who had received a confirmed diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection severe enough to require hospital admission from March 1 to June 29, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing, bronchial swab, serological testing, or suggestive computed tomography results.
Exposure: Severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization.
Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome of the study was to describe the proportion of patients with a diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) less than 80% of expected value. Secondary outcomes included proportion of patients with severe lung function impairment (defined as Dlco <60% expected value); proportion of patients with posttraumatic stress symptoms (measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised total score); proportion of patients with functional impairment (assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] score and 2-minute walking test); and identification of factors associated with Dlco reduction and psychological or functional sequelae.
Results: Among 767 patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, 494 (64.4%) refused to participate, and 35 (4.6%) died during follow-up. A total of 238 patients (31.0%) (median [interquartile range] age, 61 [50-71] years; 142 [59.7%] men; median [interquartile range] comorbidities, 2 [1-3]) consented to participate to the study. Of these, 219 patients were able to complete both pulmonary function tests and Dlco measurement. Dlco was reduced to less than 80% of the estimated value in 113 patients (51.6%) and less than 60% in 34 patients (15.5%). The SPPB score was suggested limited mobility (score <11) in 53 patients (22.3%). Patients with SPPB scores within reference range underwent a 2-minute walk test, which was outside reference ranges of expected performance for age and sex in 75 patients (40.5%); thus, a total of 128 patients (53.8%) had functional impairment. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were reported in a total of 41 patients (17.2%).
Conclusions and relevance: These findings suggest that at 4 months after discharge, respiratory, physical, and psychological sequelae were common among patients who had been hospitalized for COVID-19.