Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: The Journal of the American Medical Association, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
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Original Contribution| ONLINE FIRST
Hospitalizations and Mortality Associated With Norovirus Outbreaks in Nursing Homes, 2009-2010
Tarak K. Trivedi, BS; Traci DeSalvo, MPH; Lore Lee, MPH; Aimee Palumbo, MPH; Maria Moll, MD; Aaron Curns, MPH; Aron J. Hall, DVM, MSPH; Manish Patel, MD, MPH; Umesh D. Parashar, MBBS, MPH; Benjamin A. Lopman, PhD, MSc
Author Affiliations: The CDC Experience Applied Epidemiology Fellowship, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office (Mr Trivedi), and Division of Viral Diseases (Messrs Trivedi and Curns; Drs Hall, Patel, Parashar, and Lopman), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Madison (Ms DeSalvo); Oregon Public Health Division, Portland (Ms Lee); and Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, and Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg (Ms Palumbo and Dr Moll).
JAMA. 2012;():1-8. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14023.
ABSTRACT
Context
Norovirus outbreaks are common among vulnerable, elderly populations in US nursing homes.
Objectives
To assess whether all-cause hospitalization and mortality rates are increased during norovirus outbreak vs nonoutbreak periods in nursing homes, and to identify factors associated with increased risk.
Design, Setting, and Participants
A retrospective cohort study of Medicare-certified nursing homes in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania that reported at least 1 confirmed or suspected norovirus outbreak to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS), January 2009 to December 2010. Deaths and hospitalizations occurring among residents of these nursing homes were identified through the Medicare Minimum Data Set (MDS).
Main Outcome Measures
Rates of all-cause hospitalization and mortality during outbreak compared with nonoutbreak periods were estimated using a random-effects Poisson regression model controlling for background seasonality in both outcomes.
Results
The cohort consisted of 308 nursing homes that reported 407 norovirus outbreaks to NORS. Per MDS, 67 730 hospitalizations and 26 055 deaths occurred in these homes during the 2-year study. Hospitalization rates were 124.0 (95% CI, 119.4-129.1) vs 109.5 (95% CI, 108.6-110.3) hospitalizations per nursing home−year during outbreak vs nonoutbreak periods, yielding a seasonally adjusted rate ratio (RR) of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14). Similarly, mortality rates were 53.7 (95% CI, 50.6-57.0) vs 41.9 (95% CI, 41.4-42.4) deaths per nursing home−year in outbreak vs nonoutbreak periods (seasonally adjusted RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). The increases in hospitalizations and mortality were concentrated in the first 2 weeks (week 0 and 1) and the initial week (week 0) of the outbreak, respectively. Homes with lower daily registered nurse (RN) hours per resident (<0.75) had increased mortality rates during norovirus outbreaks compared with baseline (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14-1.40), while no increased risk (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.12) was observed in homes with higher daily RN hours per resident (P = .007 by likelihood ratio test); the increase in hospitalization rates did not show a similar pattern.
Conclusion
Norovirus outbreaks were associated with significant concurrent increases in all-cause hospitalization and mortality in nursing homes.
-Hospitalizations and Mortality Associated With Norovirus Outbreaks in Nursing Homes, 2009-2010
Tarak K. Trivedi, BS; Traci DeSalvo, MPH; Lore Lee, MPH; Aimee Palumbo, MPH; Maria Moll, MD; Aaron Curns, MPH; Aron J. Hall, DVM, MSPH; Manish Patel, MD, MPH; Umesh D. Parashar, MBBS, MPH; Benjamin A. Lopman, PhD, MSc
Author Affiliations: The CDC Experience Applied Epidemiology Fellowship, Scientific Education and Professional Development Program Office (Mr Trivedi), and Division of Viral Diseases (Messrs Trivedi and Curns; Drs Hall, Patel, Parashar, and Lopman), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Division of Public Health, Madison (Ms DeSalvo); Oregon Public Health Division, Portland (Ms Lee); and Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, and Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg (Ms Palumbo and Dr Moll).
JAMA. 2012;():1-8. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14023.
ABSTRACT
Context
Norovirus outbreaks are common among vulnerable, elderly populations in US nursing homes.
Objectives
To assess whether all-cause hospitalization and mortality rates are increased during norovirus outbreak vs nonoutbreak periods in nursing homes, and to identify factors associated with increased risk.
Design, Setting, and Participants
A retrospective cohort study of Medicare-certified nursing homes in Oregon, Wisconsin, and Pennsylvania that reported at least 1 confirmed or suspected norovirus outbreak to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS), January 2009 to December 2010. Deaths and hospitalizations occurring among residents of these nursing homes were identified through the Medicare Minimum Data Set (MDS).
Main Outcome Measures
Rates of all-cause hospitalization and mortality during outbreak compared with nonoutbreak periods were estimated using a random-effects Poisson regression model controlling for background seasonality in both outcomes.
Results
The cohort consisted of 308 nursing homes that reported 407 norovirus outbreaks to NORS. Per MDS, 67 730 hospitalizations and 26 055 deaths occurred in these homes during the 2-year study. Hospitalization rates were 124.0 (95% CI, 119.4-129.1) vs 109.5 (95% CI, 108.6-110.3) hospitalizations per nursing home−year during outbreak vs nonoutbreak periods, yielding a seasonally adjusted rate ratio (RR) of 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14). Similarly, mortality rates were 53.7 (95% CI, 50.6-57.0) vs 41.9 (95% CI, 41.4-42.4) deaths per nursing home−year in outbreak vs nonoutbreak periods (seasonally adjusted RR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). The increases in hospitalizations and mortality were concentrated in the first 2 weeks (week 0 and 1) and the initial week (week 0) of the outbreak, respectively. Homes with lower daily registered nurse (RN) hours per resident (<0.75) had increased mortality rates during norovirus outbreaks compared with baseline (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14-1.40), while no increased risk (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96-1.12) was observed in homes with higher daily RN hours per resident (P = .007 by likelihood ratio test); the increase in hospitalization rates did not show a similar pattern.
Conclusion
Norovirus outbreaks were associated with significant concurrent increases in all-cause hospitalization and mortality in nursing homes.
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