Giuseppe
Emeritus
J Virol. 2009 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Blocking inter-host transmission of influenza virus by vaccination in the guinea pig model.
Lowen AC, Steel J, Mubareka S, Carnero E, Garc?a-Sastre A, Palese P. - Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Pl., New York, New York 10029-6574, United States of America.
Interventions aimed at preventing viral spread have the potential to effectively control influenza in all age groups, thereby reducing the burden of influenza illness.
For this reason, we have examined the efficacy of vaccination in blocking transmission of influenza viruses between guinea pigs.
Three modes of immunization were compared:
i) natural infection;
ii) intramuscular administration of whole, inactivated influenza virus in two doses; and
iii) intranasal inoculation with live attenuated influenza virus in two doses.
The ability of each immunization method to block the spread of a homologous (A/Panama/2007/99) and a heterologous (A/Wisconsin/67/05) H3N2 subtype influenza virus was tested.
We found that previous infection through a natural route provided sterilizing immunity against both homologous and heterologous challenges; thus no transmission to or from previously infected animals was observed.
Vaccination with an inactivated influenza virus vaccine, by contrast, did not prevent guinea pigs from becoming infected upon challenge with either virus.
Thus, both intranasal inoculation and exposure to an acutely infected guinea pig led to infection of vaccinated animals.
Vaccination with inactivated virus did, however, reduce viral load upon challenge and decrease the number of secondary transmission events from vaccinated animals to na?ve cage mates.
Vaccination with a live attenuated virus was found to be more efficacious than with inactivated virus, resulting in sterilizing immunity against homologous challenge and full protection against transmission of the homologous and heterologous virus to na?ve contacts.
In conclusion, we have shown that the guinea pig model can be used to test influenza vaccines, and that the efficiency of transmission is a valuable read-out when evaluating vaccine efficacy.
PMID: 19153237 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher
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Blocking inter-host transmission of influenza virus by vaccination in the guinea pig model.
Lowen AC, Steel J, Mubareka S, Carnero E, Garc?a-Sastre A, Palese P. - Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Pl., New York, New York 10029-6574, United States of America.
Interventions aimed at preventing viral spread have the potential to effectively control influenza in all age groups, thereby reducing the burden of influenza illness.
For this reason, we have examined the efficacy of vaccination in blocking transmission of influenza viruses between guinea pigs.
Three modes of immunization were compared:
i) natural infection;
ii) intramuscular administration of whole, inactivated influenza virus in two doses; and
iii) intranasal inoculation with live attenuated influenza virus in two doses.
The ability of each immunization method to block the spread of a homologous (A/Panama/2007/99) and a heterologous (A/Wisconsin/67/05) H3N2 subtype influenza virus was tested.
We found that previous infection through a natural route provided sterilizing immunity against both homologous and heterologous challenges; thus no transmission to or from previously infected animals was observed.
Vaccination with an inactivated influenza virus vaccine, by contrast, did not prevent guinea pigs from becoming infected upon challenge with either virus.
Thus, both intranasal inoculation and exposure to an acutely infected guinea pig led to infection of vaccinated animals.
Vaccination with inactivated virus did, however, reduce viral load upon challenge and decrease the number of secondary transmission events from vaccinated animals to na?ve cage mates.
Vaccination with a live attenuated virus was found to be more efficacious than with inactivated virus, resulting in sterilizing immunity against homologous challenge and full protection against transmission of the homologous and heterologous virus to na?ve contacts.
In conclusion, we have shown that the guinea pig model can be used to test influenza vaccines, and that the efficiency of transmission is a valuable read-out when evaluating vaccine efficacy.
PMID: 19153237 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher
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