tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Vet Res
. 2022 Mar 25;66(1):1-7.
doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0017. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5Nx in Poland in 2020/2021: a Descriptive Epidemiological Study of a Large-scale Epidemic
Krzysztof Śmietanka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edyta Świętoń[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krzysztof Wyrostek[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edyta Kozak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karolina Tarasiuk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natalia Styś-Fijoł[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kamila Dziadek[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krzysztof Niemczuk[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Introduction: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks caused by the Gs/Gd lineage of H5Nx viruses occur in Poland with increased frequency. The article provides an update on the HPAI situation in the 2020/2021 season and studies the possible factors that caused the exceptionally fast spread of the virus.
Material and methods: Samples from poultry and wild birds delivered for HPAI diagnosis were tested by real-time RT-PCR and a representative number of detected viruses were submitted for partial or full-genome characterisation. Information yielded by veterinary inspection was used for descriptive analysis of the epidemiological situation.
Results: The scale of the epidemic in the 2020/2021 season was unprecedented in terms of duration (November 2020-August 2021), number of outbreaks in poultry (n = 357), wild bird events (n = 92) and total number of affected domestic birds (approximately ~14 million). The major drivers of the virus spread were the harsh winter conditions in February 2020 followed by the introduction of the virus to high-density poultry areas in March 2021. All tested viruses belonged to H5 clade 2.3.4.4b with significant intra-clade diversity and in some cases clearly distinguished clusters.
Conclusion: The HPAI epidemic in 2020/2021 in Poland struck with unprecedented force. The conventional control measures may have limited effectiveness to break the transmission chain in areas with high concentrations of poultry.
Keywords: H5Nx; highly pathogenic avian influenza; poultry; wild birds..
. 2022 Mar 25;66(1):1-7.
doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0017. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5Nx in Poland in 2020/2021: a Descriptive Epidemiological Study of a Large-scale Epidemic
Krzysztof Śmietanka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edyta Świętoń[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krzysztof Wyrostek[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Edyta Kozak[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karolina Tarasiuk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Natalia Styś-Fijoł[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kamila Dziadek[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Krzysztof Niemczuk[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35582478
- PMCID: PMC8959680
- DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0017
Abstract
Introduction: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks caused by the Gs/Gd lineage of H5Nx viruses occur in Poland with increased frequency. The article provides an update on the HPAI situation in the 2020/2021 season and studies the possible factors that caused the exceptionally fast spread of the virus.
Material and methods: Samples from poultry and wild birds delivered for HPAI diagnosis were tested by real-time RT-PCR and a representative number of detected viruses were submitted for partial or full-genome characterisation. Information yielded by veterinary inspection was used for descriptive analysis of the epidemiological situation.
Results: The scale of the epidemic in the 2020/2021 season was unprecedented in terms of duration (November 2020-August 2021), number of outbreaks in poultry (n = 357), wild bird events (n = 92) and total number of affected domestic birds (approximately ~14 million). The major drivers of the virus spread were the harsh winter conditions in February 2020 followed by the introduction of the virus to high-density poultry areas in March 2021. All tested viruses belonged to H5 clade 2.3.4.4b with significant intra-clade diversity and in some cases clearly distinguished clusters.
Conclusion: The HPAI epidemic in 2020/2021 in Poland struck with unprecedented force. The conventional control measures may have limited effectiveness to break the transmission chain in areas with high concentrations of poultry.
Keywords: H5Nx; highly pathogenic avian influenza; poultry; wild birds..
