tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Inflamm Res
. 2021 Aug 11;14:3781-3795.
doi: 10.2147/JIR.S323026. eCollection 2021.
Characterization of Virus Replication, Pathogenesis, and Cytokine Responses in Syrian Hamsters Inoculated with SARS-CoV-2
Shiu-Ju Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ting-Chun Wei[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chih-Hao Hsu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sin-Ni Ho[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chi-Yun Lai[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shiu-Feng Huang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Yih-Yuan Chen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Shih-Jen Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guann-Yi Yu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Horng-Yunn Dou[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which caused a global respiratory disease pandemic beginning in December 2019. Understanding the pathogenesis of infection and the immune responses in a SARS-CoV-2-infected animal model is urgently needed for vaccine development.
Methods: Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were intranasally inoculated with 10[SUP]5[/SUP], 5×10[SUP]5[/SUP], and 10[SUP]6[/SUP] TCID[SUB]50[/SUB] of SARS-CoV-2 per animal and studied for up to 14 days. Body weight, viral load and real-time PCR amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene were measured. On days 3, 6 and 9, lung, blood, liver, pancreas, heart, kidney, and bone marrow were harvested and processed for pathology, viral load, and cytokine expression.
Results: Body weight loss, increased viral load, immune cell infiltration, upregulated cytokine expression, viral RNA, SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, and mucus were detected in the lungs, particularly on day 3 post-infection. Extremely high expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines MIP-1 and RANTES was detected in lung tissue, as was high expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and PD-L1. The glutamic oxalacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GOT/GPT) ratio in blood was significantly increased at 6 days post-infection, and plasma amylase and lipase levels were also elevated in infected hamsters.
Conclusion: Our results provide new information on immunological cytokines and biological parameters related to the pathogenesis and immune response profile in the Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; hamster; immune response; pathogenesis.
. 2021 Aug 11;14:3781-3795.
doi: 10.2147/JIR.S323026. eCollection 2021.
Characterization of Virus Replication, Pathogenesis, and Cytokine Responses in Syrian Hamsters Inoculated with SARS-CoV-2
Shiu-Ju Yang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ting-Chun Wei[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chih-Hao Hsu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sin-Ni Ho[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Chi-Yun Lai[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shiu-Feng Huang[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Yih-Yuan Chen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Shih-Jen Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guann-Yi Yu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Horng-Yunn Dou[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34408462
- PMCID: PMC8366787
- DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S323026
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which caused a global respiratory disease pandemic beginning in December 2019. Understanding the pathogenesis of infection and the immune responses in a SARS-CoV-2-infected animal model is urgently needed for vaccine development.
Methods: Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were intranasally inoculated with 10[SUP]5[/SUP], 5×10[SUP]5[/SUP], and 10[SUP]6[/SUP] TCID[SUB]50[/SUB] of SARS-CoV-2 per animal and studied for up to 14 days. Body weight, viral load and real-time PCR amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 N gene were measured. On days 3, 6 and 9, lung, blood, liver, pancreas, heart, kidney, and bone marrow were harvested and processed for pathology, viral load, and cytokine expression.
Results: Body weight loss, increased viral load, immune cell infiltration, upregulated cytokine expression, viral RNA, SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein, and mucus were detected in the lungs, particularly on day 3 post-infection. Extremely high expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines MIP-1 and RANTES was detected in lung tissue, as was high expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and PD-L1. The glutamic oxalacetic transaminase/glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GOT/GPT) ratio in blood was significantly increased at 6 days post-infection, and plasma amylase and lipase levels were also elevated in infected hamsters.
Conclusion: Our results provide new information on immunological cytokines and biological parameters related to the pathogenesis and immune response profile in the Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; hamster; immune response; pathogenesis.