Laidback Al
Well-known member
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010;202:000?0000022-1899/2010/20203-00XX$15.00
DOI: 10.1086/653709
New Evidence Suggests Southern China as a Common Source of Multiple Clusters of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus
Bin Wu,<sup>1,</sup>
Chengmin Wang,<sup>1,</sup>
Guoying Dong,<sup>1</sup>
Yunhai Guo,<sup>1</sup>
Dale Louis Nolte,<sup>4</sup>
Thomas Jude Deliberto,<sup>4</sup>
Jianguo Xu,<sup>3</sup>
Mingxing Duan,<sup>2</sup> and
Hongxuan He<sup>1</sup>
<sup>1</sup>National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and <sup>2</sup>State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, and <sup>3</sup>Department of Respiratory, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; <sup>4</sup>National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza is considered an avian disease, although there is some evidence of limited human‐to‐human transmission of the virus. A global effort is underway to control or eradicate the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry and prevent human exposure, both of which may also reduce the risk of pandemic emergence. Hemagglutinin gene sequences from 215 human H5N1 influenza viruses were used to trace the source and dispersal pattern of human H5N1 influenza viruses on a global scale. A mutation network and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin gene show that human H5N1 influenza viruses can be clearly divided among 4 clusters across geographic space. On the basis of analysis of the N‐glycosylation sites at positions 100 and 170 in the hemagglutinin protein, human H5N1 influenza viruses were also divided into 3 types. When we combined these analyses with geographic information system data analyses, we found that Southern China is often a common source of multiple clusters of H5N1 influenza viruses and that each cluster has different dispersal patterns and individual evolutionary features. In summary, the genetic evidence presented here provides clear evidence for multiple clusters of human H5N1 influenza viruses that initially originated in Southern China.
Received 28 January 2010; accepted 1 March 2010; electronically published 24 June 2010.
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/653709
DOI: 10.1086/653709
New Evidence Suggests Southern China as a Common Source of Multiple Clusters of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus
Bin Wu,<sup>1,</sup>
Chengmin Wang,<sup>1,</sup>
Guoying Dong,<sup>1</sup>
Yunhai Guo,<sup>1</sup>
Dale Louis Nolte,<sup>4</sup>
Thomas Jude Deliberto,<sup>4</sup>
Jianguo Xu,<sup>3</sup>
Mingxing Duan,<sup>2</sup> and
Hongxuan He<sup>1</sup>
<sup>1</sup>National Research Center for Wildlife Borne Diseases, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and <sup>2</sup>State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, and <sup>3</sup>Department of Respiratory, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; <sup>4</sup>National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza is considered an avian disease, although there is some evidence of limited human‐to‐human transmission of the virus. A global effort is underway to control or eradicate the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in poultry and prevent human exposure, both of which may also reduce the risk of pandemic emergence. Hemagglutinin gene sequences from 215 human H5N1 influenza viruses were used to trace the source and dispersal pattern of human H5N1 influenza viruses on a global scale. A mutation network and phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin gene show that human H5N1 influenza viruses can be clearly divided among 4 clusters across geographic space. On the basis of analysis of the N‐glycosylation sites at positions 100 and 170 in the hemagglutinin protein, human H5N1 influenza viruses were also divided into 3 types. When we combined these analyses with geographic information system data analyses, we found that Southern China is often a common source of multiple clusters of H5N1 influenza viruses and that each cluster has different dispersal patterns and individual evolutionary features. In summary, the genetic evidence presented here provides clear evidence for multiple clusters of human H5N1 influenza viruses that initially originated in Southern China.
Received 28 January 2010; accepted 1 March 2010; electronically published 24 June 2010.
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/653709