tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Infect Dis
. 2021 Sep 27;jiab490.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab490. Online ahead of print.
Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation in Individuals With Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Michael J Peluso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Scott Lu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alex F Tang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Matthew S Durstenfeld[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hsi-En Ho[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sarah A Goldberg[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carrie A Forman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sadie E Munter[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Rebecca Hoh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Viva Tai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ahmed Chenna[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Brandon C Yee[SUP] 6 [/SUP], John W Winslow[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Christos J Petropoulos[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Bryan Greenhouse[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Peter W Hunt[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Priscilla Y Hsue[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jeffrey N Martin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], J Daniel Kelly[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David V Glidden[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Steven G Deeks[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Timothy J Henrich[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: The biological processes associated with postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) are unknown.
Methods: We measured soluble markers of inflammation in a SARS-CoV-2 recovery cohort at early (<90 days) and late (>90 days) timepoints. We defined PASC as the presence of 1 or more coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-attributed symptoms beyond 90 days. We compared fold-changes in marker values between those with and without PASC using mixed-effects models with terms for PASC and early and late recovery time periods.
Results: During early recovery, those who went on to develop PASC generally had higher levels of cytokine biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α (1.14-fold higher mean ratio [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01-1.28]; P = .028) and interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (1.28-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, 1.01-1.62]; P = .038). Among those with PASC, there was a trend toward higher interleukin 6 levels during early recovery (1.29-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, .98-1.70]; P = .07), which became more pronounced in late recovery (1.44-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, 1.11-1.86]; P < .001). These differences were more pronounced among those with a greater number of PASC symptoms.
Conclusions: Persistent immune activation may be associated with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19. Further characterization of these processes might identify therapeutic targets for those experiencing PASC.
Keywords: COVID-19; IL-6; PASC; SARS-CoV-2; TNF-α; biomarker; coronavirus; immune activation; inflammation; long COVID; postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
. 2021 Sep 27;jiab490.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab490. Online ahead of print.
Markers of Immune Activation and Inflammation in Individuals With Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Michael J Peluso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Scott Lu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alex F Tang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Matthew S Durstenfeld[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hsi-En Ho[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sarah A Goldberg[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Carrie A Forman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sadie E Munter[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Rebecca Hoh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Viva Tai[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ahmed Chenna[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Brandon C Yee[SUP] 6 [/SUP], John W Winslow[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Christos J Petropoulos[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Bryan Greenhouse[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Peter W Hunt[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Priscilla Y Hsue[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jeffrey N Martin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], J Daniel Kelly[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David V Glidden[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Steven G Deeks[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Timothy J Henrich[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34677601
- DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab490
Abstract
Background: The biological processes associated with postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) are unknown.
Methods: We measured soluble markers of inflammation in a SARS-CoV-2 recovery cohort at early (<90 days) and late (>90 days) timepoints. We defined PASC as the presence of 1 or more coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-attributed symptoms beyond 90 days. We compared fold-changes in marker values between those with and without PASC using mixed-effects models with terms for PASC and early and late recovery time periods.
Results: During early recovery, those who went on to develop PASC generally had higher levels of cytokine biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α (1.14-fold higher mean ratio [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01-1.28]; P = .028) and interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (1.28-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, 1.01-1.62]; P = .038). Among those with PASC, there was a trend toward higher interleukin 6 levels during early recovery (1.29-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, .98-1.70]; P = .07), which became more pronounced in late recovery (1.44-fold higher mean ratio [95% CI, 1.11-1.86]; P < .001). These differences were more pronounced among those with a greater number of PASC symptoms.
Conclusions: Persistent immune activation may be associated with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19. Further characterization of these processes might identify therapeutic targets for those experiencing PASC.
Keywords: COVID-19; IL-6; PASC; SARS-CoV-2; TNF-α; biomarker; coronavirus; immune activation; inflammation; long COVID; postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.