tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Infect Dis
. 2023 Dec 2:jiad542.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad542. Online ahead of print. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-A-associated emergency department, urgent care, and hospitalization encounters among U.S. adults, 2022-2023
Mark W Tenforde[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zachary A Weber[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Duck-Hye Yang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Malini B DeSilva[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kristin Dascomb[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stephanie A Irving[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Allison L Naleway[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Manjusha Gaglani[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Bruce Fireman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ned Lewis[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ousseny Zerbo[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kristin Goddard[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Julius Timbol[SUP] 8 [/SUP], John R Hansen[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Nancy Grisel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Julie Arndorfer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Charlene E McEvoy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Inih J Essien[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Suchitra Rao[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shaun J Grannis[SUP] 10 11 [/SUP], Anupam B Kharbanda[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Karthik Natarajan[SUP] 13 14 [/SUP], Toan C Ong[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Peter J Embi[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Sarah W Ball[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margaret M Dunne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lindsey Kirshner[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ryan E Wiegand[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Monica Dickerson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Palak Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Caitlin Ray[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shikha Garg[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katherine Adams[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nicola P Klein[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The 2022-2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed.
Methods: Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 season against influenza-A-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022-March 2023 among adults (age ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test-positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test-negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights.
Results: The analysis included 85,389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza-A-positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19,751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza-A-positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza-A-associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 40-47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza-A-associated hospitalizations was 35% (95%CI: 27-43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively.
Conclusions: VE was moderate during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.
Keywords: H3N2; clinical outcomes; influenza; test-negative design; vaccine effectiveness.
. 2023 Dec 2:jiad542.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad542. Online ahead of print. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-A-associated emergency department, urgent care, and hospitalization encounters among U.S. adults, 2022-2023
Mark W Tenforde[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zachary A Weber[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Duck-Hye Yang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Malini B DeSilva[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kristin Dascomb[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stephanie A Irving[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Allison L Naleway[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Manjusha Gaglani[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Bruce Fireman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ned Lewis[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ousseny Zerbo[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kristin Goddard[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Julius Timbol[SUP] 8 [/SUP], John R Hansen[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Nancy Grisel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Julie Arndorfer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Charlene E McEvoy[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Inih J Essien[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Suchitra Rao[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shaun J Grannis[SUP] 10 11 [/SUP], Anupam B Kharbanda[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Karthik Natarajan[SUP] 13 14 [/SUP], Toan C Ong[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Peter J Embi[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Sarah W Ball[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Margaret M Dunne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lindsey Kirshner[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ryan E Wiegand[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Monica Dickerson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Palak Patel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Caitlin Ray[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Brendan Flannery[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shikha Garg[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katherine Adams[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nicola P Klein[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38041853
- DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad542
Background: The 2022-2023 United States influenza season had unusually early influenza activity with high hospitalization rates. Vaccine-matched A(H3N2) viruses predominated, with lower levels of A(H1N1)pdm09 activity also observed.
Methods: Using the test-negative design, we evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the 2022-2023 season against influenza-A-associated emergency department/urgent care (ED/UC) visits and hospitalizations from October 2022-March 2023 among adults (age ≥18 years) with acute respiratory illness (ARI). VE was estimated by comparing odds of seasonal influenza vaccination among case-patients (influenza A test-positive by molecular assay) and controls (influenza test-negative), applying inverse-propensity-to-be-vaccinated weights.
Results: The analysis included 85,389 ED/UC ARI encounters (17.0% influenza-A-positive; 37.8% vaccinated overall) and 19,751 hospitalizations (9.5% influenza-A-positive; 52.8% vaccinated overall). VE against influenza-A-associated ED/UC encounters was 44% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 40-47%) overall and 45% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively. VE against influenza-A-associated hospitalizations was 35% (95%CI: 27-43%) overall and 23% and 41% among adults aged 18-64 and ≥65 years, respectively.
Conclusions: VE was moderate during the 2022-2023 influenza season, a season characterized with increased burden of influenza and co-circulation with other respiratory viruses. Vaccination is likely to substantially reduce morbidity, mortality, and strain on healthcare resources.
Keywords: H3N2; clinical outcomes; influenza; test-negative design; vaccine effectiveness.