tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Immunol
. 2022 Dec 1;209(11):2104-2113.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200525.
Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination or Infection Show Different Dynamics and Responsiveness to the Omicron Variant
Setsuko Mise-Omata[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mari Ikeda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Masaru Takeshita[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yoshifumi Uwamino[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Masatoshi Wakui[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tomoko Arai[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ayumi Yoshifuji[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kensaku Murano[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Haruhiko Siomi[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Kensuke Nakagawara[SUP] 1 8 [/SUP], Masaki Ohyagi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Makoto Ando[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Naoki Hasegawa[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Hideyuki Saya[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Mitsuru Murata[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Koichi Fukunaga[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ho Namkoong[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Xiuyuan Lu[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Sho Yamasaki[SUP] 10 11 [/SUP], Akihiko Yoshimura[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Although the immunological memory produced by BNT162b2 vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been well studied and established, further information using different racial cohorts is necessary to understand the overall immunological response to vaccination. We evaluated memory B and T cell responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein before and after the third booster using a Japanese cohort. Although the Ab titer against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) decreased significantly 8 mo after the second vaccination, the number of memory B cells continued to increase, whereas the number of memory T cells decreased slowly. Memory B and T cells from unvaccinated infected patients showed similar kinetics. After the third vaccination, the Ab titer increased to the level of the second vaccination, and memory B cells increased at significantly higher levels before the booster, whereas memory T cells recovered close to the second vaccination levels. In memory T cells, the frequency of CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6- circulating follicular Th1 was positively correlated with RBD-specific Ab-secreting B cells. For the response to variant RBDs, although 60-80% of memory B cells could bind to the omicron RBD, their avidity was low, whereas memory T cells show an equal response to the omicron spike. Thus, the persistent presence of memory B and T cells will quickly upregulate Ab production and T cell responses after omicron strain infection, which prevents severe illness and death due to coronavirus disease 2019.
. 2022 Dec 1;209(11):2104-2113.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200525.
Memory B Cells and Memory T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination or Infection Show Different Dynamics and Responsiveness to the Omicron Variant
Setsuko Mise-Omata[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mari Ikeda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Masaru Takeshita[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yoshifumi Uwamino[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Masatoshi Wakui[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tomoko Arai[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ayumi Yoshifuji[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Kensaku Murano[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Haruhiko Siomi[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Kensuke Nakagawara[SUP] 1 8 [/SUP], Masaki Ohyagi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Makoto Ando[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Naoki Hasegawa[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Hideyuki Saya[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Mitsuru Murata[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Koichi Fukunaga[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ho Namkoong[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Xiuyuan Lu[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Sho Yamasaki[SUP] 10 11 [/SUP], Akihiko Yoshimura[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36426984
- DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200525
Abstract
Although the immunological memory produced by BNT162b2 vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been well studied and established, further information using different racial cohorts is necessary to understand the overall immunological response to vaccination. We evaluated memory B and T cell responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein before and after the third booster using a Japanese cohort. Although the Ab titer against the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) decreased significantly 8 mo after the second vaccination, the number of memory B cells continued to increase, whereas the number of memory T cells decreased slowly. Memory B and T cells from unvaccinated infected patients showed similar kinetics. After the third vaccination, the Ab titer increased to the level of the second vaccination, and memory B cells increased at significantly higher levels before the booster, whereas memory T cells recovered close to the second vaccination levels. In memory T cells, the frequency of CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6- circulating follicular Th1 was positively correlated with RBD-specific Ab-secreting B cells. For the response to variant RBDs, although 60-80% of memory B cells could bind to the omicron RBD, their avidity was low, whereas memory T cells show an equal response to the omicron spike. Thus, the persistent presence of memory B and T cells will quickly upregulate Ab production and T cell responses after omicron strain infection, which prevents severe illness and death due to coronavirus disease 2019.