tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Immunol
. 2022 Apr 4;ji2101123.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101123. Online ahead of print.
Distinct Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnant Women
Nardhy Gomez-Lopez[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Roberto Romero[SUP] 1 4 5 6 7 [/SUP], Li Tao[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Meyer Gershater[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Yaozhu Leng[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Chengrui Zou[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Marcelo Farias-Jofre[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Jose Galaz[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Derek Miller[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Adi L Tarca[SUP] 8 2 9 [/SUP], Marcia Arenas-Hernandez[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Gaurav Bhatti[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Valeria Garcia-Flores[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Zhenjie Liu[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Robert Para[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Tomi Kanninen[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Ola Hadaya[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Carmen Paredes[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Yi Xu[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Pregnant women are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm birth, that may result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Pregnancy imprints specific maternal immune responses that can modulate host susceptibility to microbial infection; therefore, recent studies have focused on the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women. However, the pregnancy-specific cellular immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. In this study, we undertook an extensive in vitro investigation to determine the cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 particles and proteins/peptides in pregnant women. First, we show that SARS-CoV-2 particles do not alter the pregnancy-specific oxidative burst of neutrophils and monocytes. Yet, SARS-CoV-2 particles/proteins shift monocyte activation from the classical to intermediate states in pregnant, but not in nonpregnant, women. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 proteins, but not particles or peptide pools, mildly enhance T cell activation during pregnancy. As expected, B cell phenotypes are heavily modulated by SARS-CoV-2 particles in all women; yet, pregnancy itself further modified such responses in these adaptive immune cells. Lastly, we report that pregnancy itself governs cytokine responses in the maternal circulation, of which IFN-β and IL-8 were diminished upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Collectively, these findings highlight the differential in vitro responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women and shed light on the immune mechanisms implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy.
. 2022 Apr 4;ji2101123.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101123. Online ahead of print.
Distinct Cellular Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnant Women
Nardhy Gomez-Lopez[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Roberto Romero[SUP] 1 4 5 6 7 [/SUP], Li Tao[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Meyer Gershater[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Yaozhu Leng[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Chengrui Zou[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Marcelo Farias-Jofre[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Jose Galaz[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Derek Miller[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Adi L Tarca[SUP] 8 2 9 [/SUP], Marcia Arenas-Hernandez[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Gaurav Bhatti[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Valeria Garcia-Flores[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Zhenjie Liu[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Robert Para[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Tomi Kanninen[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Ola Hadaya[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Carmen Paredes[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP], Yi Xu[SUP] 8 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35379748
- DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101123
Abstract
Pregnant women are at increased risk of adverse outcomes, including preeclampsia and preterm birth, that may result from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Pregnancy imprints specific maternal immune responses that can modulate host susceptibility to microbial infection; therefore, recent studies have focused on the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women. However, the pregnancy-specific cellular immune responses triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. In this study, we undertook an extensive in vitro investigation to determine the cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 particles and proteins/peptides in pregnant women. First, we show that SARS-CoV-2 particles do not alter the pregnancy-specific oxidative burst of neutrophils and monocytes. Yet, SARS-CoV-2 particles/proteins shift monocyte activation from the classical to intermediate states in pregnant, but not in nonpregnant, women. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 proteins, but not particles or peptide pools, mildly enhance T cell activation during pregnancy. As expected, B cell phenotypes are heavily modulated by SARS-CoV-2 particles in all women; yet, pregnancy itself further modified such responses in these adaptive immune cells. Lastly, we report that pregnancy itself governs cytokine responses in the maternal circulation, of which IFN-β and IL-8 were diminished upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Collectively, these findings highlight the differential in vitro responses to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant and nonpregnant women and shed light on the immune mechanisms implicated in coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy.