tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Immunol
. 2022 Jan 5;ji2100830.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100830. Online ahead of print.
Comprehensive Immune Profiling Reveals CD56 [SUP]+[/SUP] Monocytes and CD31 [SUP]+[/SUP] Endothelial Cells Are Increased in Severe COVID-19 Disease
Taru S Dutt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie M LaVergne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tracy L Webb[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Bridget A Baxter[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sophia Stromberg[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kim McFann[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kailey Berry[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Madison Tipton[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Omar Alnachoukati[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Linda Zier[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Greg Ebel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Julie Dunn[SUP] 5 8 [/SUP], Marcela Henao-Tamayo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elizabeth P Ryan[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Immune response dysregulation plays a key role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated immune and endothelial blood cell profiles of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine critical differences between those with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 using spectral flow cytometry. We examined a suite of immune phenotypes, including monocytes, T cells, NK cells, B cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils, alongside surface and intracellular markers of activation. Our results showed progressive lymphopenia and depletion of T cell subsets (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD4[SUP]+[/SUP], and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP]) in patients with severe disease and a significant increase in the CD56[SUP]+[/SUP]CD14[SUP]+[/SUP]Ki67[SUP]+[/SUP]IFN-γ[SUP]+[/SUP] monocyte population in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 that has not been previously described. Enhanced circulating endothelial cells (CD45[SUP]-[/SUP]CD31[SUP]+[/SUP]CD34[SUP]+[/SUP]CD146[SUP]+[/SUP]), circulating endothelial progenitors (CD45[SUP]-[/SUP]CD31[SUP]+[/SUP]CD34[SUP]+/-[/SUP]CD146[SUP]-[/SUP]), and neutrophils (CD11b[SUP]+[/SUP]CD66b[SUP]+[/SUP]) were coevaluated for COVID-19 severity. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated the synergism among age, obesity, and hypertension with upregulated CD56[SUP]+[/SUP] monocytes, endothelial cells, and decreased T cells that lead to severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Circulating monocytes and endothelial cells may represent important cellular markers for monitoring postacute sequelae and impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection during convalescence and for their role in immune host defense in high-risk adults after vaccination.
. 2022 Jan 5;ji2100830.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100830. Online ahead of print.
Comprehensive Immune Profiling Reveals CD56 [SUP]+[/SUP] Monocytes and CD31 [SUP]+[/SUP] Endothelial Cells Are Increased in Severe COVID-19 Disease
Taru S Dutt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Stephanie M LaVergne[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tracy L Webb[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Bridget A Baxter[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sophia Stromberg[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kim McFann[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kailey Berry[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Madison Tipton[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Omar Alnachoukati[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Linda Zier[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Greg Ebel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Julie Dunn[SUP] 5 8 [/SUP], Marcela Henao-Tamayo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elizabeth P Ryan[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34987111
- DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100830
Abstract
Immune response dysregulation plays a key role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated immune and endothelial blood cell profiles of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to determine critical differences between those with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 using spectral flow cytometry. We examined a suite of immune phenotypes, including monocytes, T cells, NK cells, B cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils, alongside surface and intracellular markers of activation. Our results showed progressive lymphopenia and depletion of T cell subsets (CD3[SUP]+[/SUP], CD4[SUP]+[/SUP], and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP]) in patients with severe disease and a significant increase in the CD56[SUP]+[/SUP]CD14[SUP]+[/SUP]Ki67[SUP]+[/SUP]IFN-γ[SUP]+[/SUP] monocyte population in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 that has not been previously described. Enhanced circulating endothelial cells (CD45[SUP]-[/SUP]CD31[SUP]+[/SUP]CD34[SUP]+[/SUP]CD146[SUP]+[/SUP]), circulating endothelial progenitors (CD45[SUP]-[/SUP]CD31[SUP]+[/SUP]CD34[SUP]+/-[/SUP]CD146[SUP]-[/SUP]), and neutrophils (CD11b[SUP]+[/SUP]CD66b[SUP]+[/SUP]) were coevaluated for COVID-19 severity. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated the synergism among age, obesity, and hypertension with upregulated CD56[SUP]+[/SUP] monocytes, endothelial cells, and decreased T cells that lead to severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Circulating monocytes and endothelial cells may represent important cellular markers for monitoring postacute sequelae and impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection during convalescence and for their role in immune host defense in high-risk adults after vaccination.