Giuseppe
Emeritus
[Source: US National Library of Medicine, full text: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
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J Gen Virol. 2013 Apr 25. [Epub ahead of print]
Human coronavirus-EMC replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment.
de Wilde AH, Ray VS, Oudshoorn D, Bestebroer TM, van Nieuwkoop S, Limpens RW, Posthuma CC, van der Meer Y, B?rcena M, Haagmans BL, Snijder EJ, van den Hoogen BG.
Source: Leiden University Medical Center;
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) infections are commonly associated with respiratory and enteric disease in humans and animals. The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) highlighted the potentially lethal consequences of CoV-induced disease in humans. In 2012, a novel CoV (HCoV-EMC) emerged, causing 13 human cases thus far, of which six had a fatal outcome. In this study, we characterized HCoV-EMC replication and cytotoxicity in human and monkey cell lines. Electron microscopy of infected Vero cells revealed extensive membrane rearrangements, including the formation of double membrane vesicles and convoluted membranes, which were previously implicated in the RNA synthesis of SARS-CoV and other CoVs. Following infection, we observed rapidly increasing viral RNA synthesis and release of high titres of infectious progeny, followed by pronounced cytopathology. These characteristics were used to develop an assay for antiviral compound screening in 96-well format, which was used to identify cyclosporin A as an inhibitor of HCoV-EMC replication in cell culture. Furthermore, HCoV-EMC was found to be 50-100 times more sensitive to interferon-alpha (IFN-α) treatment than SARS-CoV, an observation that may have important implications for the treatment of HCoV-EMC-infected patients. HCoV-EMC infection did not prevent the IFN-induced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT1, in contrast to infection with SARS-CoV where this block inhibits the expression of antiviral genes. These findings highlight relevant differences between these distantly related zoonotic CoVs in terms of their interaction with and evasion of the cellular innate immune response.
PMID: 23620378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
-Human coronavirus-EMC replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment.
de Wilde AH, Ray VS, Oudshoorn D, Bestebroer TM, van Nieuwkoop S, Limpens RW, Posthuma CC, van der Meer Y, B?rcena M, Haagmans BL, Snijder EJ, van den Hoogen BG.
Source: Leiden University Medical Center;
Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) infections are commonly associated with respiratory and enteric disease in humans and animals. The 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) highlighted the potentially lethal consequences of CoV-induced disease in humans. In 2012, a novel CoV (HCoV-EMC) emerged, causing 13 human cases thus far, of which six had a fatal outcome. In this study, we characterized HCoV-EMC replication and cytotoxicity in human and monkey cell lines. Electron microscopy of infected Vero cells revealed extensive membrane rearrangements, including the formation of double membrane vesicles and convoluted membranes, which were previously implicated in the RNA synthesis of SARS-CoV and other CoVs. Following infection, we observed rapidly increasing viral RNA synthesis and release of high titres of infectious progeny, followed by pronounced cytopathology. These characteristics were used to develop an assay for antiviral compound screening in 96-well format, which was used to identify cyclosporin A as an inhibitor of HCoV-EMC replication in cell culture. Furthermore, HCoV-EMC was found to be 50-100 times more sensitive to interferon-alpha (IFN-α) treatment than SARS-CoV, an observation that may have important implications for the treatment of HCoV-EMC-infected patients. HCoV-EMC infection did not prevent the IFN-induced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT1, in contrast to infection with SARS-CoV where this block inhibits the expression of antiviral genes. These findings highlight relevant differences between these distantly related zoonotic CoVs in terms of their interaction with and evasion of the cellular innate immune response.
PMID: 23620378 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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