tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Gen Virol
. 2025 Jul;106(7):002133.
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.002133. Evaluation of pandemic potential of the genotype 4 (G4) swine influenza virus using ex vivo and in vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract
Jenny C M Chan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Rachel H H Ching[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Hermione H M Kock[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Teng Long[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], John M Nicholls[SUP] 3 [/SUP], J S Malik Peiris[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kenrie P Y Hui[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Michael C W Chan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Recent studies have reported a genotype 4 (G4) reassortant Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus in swine, demonstrating a potential pandemic threat in humans. Here, we have compared the tropism, replication competence and pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine induction of the two G4 EA H1N1 strains in parallel with 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1/pdm/09) and A/Quail/HK/G1/1997 H9N2 (G1) using ex vivo culture of the human respiratory tract and in vitro culture of human peripheral blood-derived macrophages. Our results showed that G4 strains could replicate in ex vivo cultures of human lung and bronchus with a similar replication competence to H1N1/pdm/09. The cytokine induction levels of G4 were similar to H1N1/pdm/09 in macrophages. Taken together, we could extrapolate that the G4 EA H1N1 swine influenza may pose a notable public health threat towards human and should not underestimate this threat.
Keywords: innate host responses; tropism; ex vivo; influenza; risk assessment; swine influenza.
. 2025 Jul;106(7):002133.
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.002133. Evaluation of pandemic potential of the genotype 4 (G4) swine influenza virus using ex vivo and in vitro cultures of the human respiratory tract
Jenny C M Chan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Rachel H H Ching[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Hermione H M Kock[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Teng Long[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], John M Nicholls[SUP] 3 [/SUP], J S Malik Peiris[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kenrie P Y Hui[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Michael C W Chan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40742730
- PMCID: PMC12313140
- DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.002133
Recent studies have reported a genotype 4 (G4) reassortant Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus in swine, demonstrating a potential pandemic threat in humans. Here, we have compared the tropism, replication competence and pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine induction of the two G4 EA H1N1 strains in parallel with 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1/pdm/09) and A/Quail/HK/G1/1997 H9N2 (G1) using ex vivo culture of the human respiratory tract and in vitro culture of human peripheral blood-derived macrophages. Our results showed that G4 strains could replicate in ex vivo cultures of human lung and bronchus with a similar replication competence to H1N1/pdm/09. The cytokine induction levels of G4 were similar to H1N1/pdm/09 in macrophages. Taken together, we could extrapolate that the G4 EA H1N1 swine influenza may pose a notable public health threat towards human and should not underestimate this threat.
Keywords: innate host responses; tropism; ex vivo; influenza; risk assessment; swine influenza.