tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Clin Med
. 2021 Oct 20;10(21):4802.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10214802.
Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
Mahdie Rahban[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Agata Stanek[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amirreza Hooshmand[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yasaman Khamineh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Salma Ahi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Syed Naqui Kazim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Faizan Ahmad[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Vladimir Muronetz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mohamed Samy Abousenna[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Samaneh Zolghadri[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ali A Saboury[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the body's largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complicity in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be explained by the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors. These receptors are overexpressed in the gut lining, leading to a high intestinal permeability to foreign pathogens. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lesser likelihood of causing liver infection because of the diminished expression of ACE2 in liver cells. Interestingly, an interconnection between the lungs, brain, and gastrointestinal tract during severe COVID-19 has been mentioned. We hope that this review on the molecular mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal disorders as well as neurological and hepatic manifestations experienced by COVID-19 patients will help scientists to find a convenient solution for this and other pandemic events.
Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; coronavirus disease 19; gut flora; hepatic derangements; neurological symptoms; spike protein.
. 2021 Oct 20;10(21):4802.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10214802.
Infection of Human Cells by SARS-CoV-2 and Molecular Overview of Gastrointestinal, Neurological, and Hepatic Problems in COVID-19 Patients
Mahdie Rahban[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Agata Stanek[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amirreza Hooshmand[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yasaman Khamineh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Salma Ahi[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Syed Naqui Kazim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Faizan Ahmad[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Vladimir Muronetz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mohamed Samy Abousenna[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Samaneh Zolghadri[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ali A Saboury[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34768321
- DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214802
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the body's largest interface between the host and the external environment. People infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at higher risk of microbiome alterations and severe diseases. Recent evidence has suggested that the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complicity in SARS-CoV-2 infection could be explained by the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) cell receptors. These receptors are overexpressed in the gut lining, leading to a high intestinal permeability to foreign pathogens. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 has a lesser likelihood of causing liver infection because of the diminished expression of ACE2 in liver cells. Interestingly, an interconnection between the lungs, brain, and gastrointestinal tract during severe COVID-19 has been mentioned. We hope that this review on the molecular mechanisms related to the gastrointestinal disorders as well as neurological and hepatic manifestations experienced by COVID-19 patients will help scientists to find a convenient solution for this and other pandemic events.
Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; coronavirus disease 19; gut flora; hepatic derangements; neurological symptoms; spike protein.