tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Clin Med
. 2024 Dec 2;13(23):7317.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13237317. Immune Profile and MRI-Detected Cardiac Fibrosis and Edema in Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19
Renata Moll-Bernardes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gabriel C Camargo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andréa Silvestre-Sousa[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Julia Machado Barroso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Juliana R Ferreira[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Mariana B Tortelly[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Adriana L Pimentel[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ana Cristina B S Figueiredo[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Eduardo B Schaustz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], José Carlos P Secco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sergio C Fortier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Narendra Vera[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Luciana Conde[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Denilson C Albuquerque[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Paulo H Rosado-de-Castro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martha V T Pinheiro[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Olga F Souza[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ronir R Luiz[SUP] 1 8 [/SUP], Emiliano Medei[SUP] 1 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Cardiac involvement in 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors has been reported frequently. An exacerbated immune response may be the main mechanism of myocardial injury and late cardiac sequelae in this population. Background/Objectives: We investigated the immune profile in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients with COVID-19 who developed late cardiac fibrosis and edema, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We evaluated associations of cytokine and immune-cell subset levels during hospitalization for COVID-19 with the presence of myocardial interstitial fibrosis [represented by the extracellular volume (ECV)] or edema (represented by the T2), detected by cardiac MRI examination after discharge, in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. Results: Patients with hypertension had reduced B-cell percentages, increased natural killer cell percentages, and higher interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor-β levels compared to patients without hypertension. Larger percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR isotope[SUP]+[/SUP] blood cells, reflecting CD8+ T-cell activation, correlated with increased T2 and ECV in hypertensive patients. The HLA-DR mean fluorescence intensity was associated with ECV in non-hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Our findings reveal cytokine and immune-cell dysregulation in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients with COVID-19, along with moderate correlations between CD8+ T-cell activation and increased cardiac MRI markers of myocardial interstitial fibrosis and edema. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of immune dysfunction mechanisms involved in myocardial remodeling.
Keywords: CD8+; COVID-19; T2; extracellular volume; hypertension; immune system; myocardial fibrosis.
. 2024 Dec 2;13(23):7317.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13237317. Immune Profile and MRI-Detected Cardiac Fibrosis and Edema in Hypertensive and Non-Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19
Renata Moll-Bernardes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gabriel C Camargo[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andréa Silvestre-Sousa[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Julia Machado Barroso[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Juliana R Ferreira[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Mariana B Tortelly[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Adriana L Pimentel[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ana Cristina B S Figueiredo[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Eduardo B Schaustz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], José Carlos P Secco[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sergio C Fortier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Narendra Vera[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Luciana Conde[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Denilson C Albuquerque[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Paulo H Rosado-de-Castro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martha V T Pinheiro[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Olga F Souza[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Ronir R Luiz[SUP] 1 8 [/SUP], Emiliano Medei[SUP] 1 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39685774
- PMCID: PMC11642154
- DOI: 10.3390/jcm13237317
Cardiac involvement in 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors has been reported frequently. An exacerbated immune response may be the main mechanism of myocardial injury and late cardiac sequelae in this population. Background/Objectives: We investigated the immune profile in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients with COVID-19 who developed late cardiac fibrosis and edema, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: We evaluated associations of cytokine and immune-cell subset levels during hospitalization for COVID-19 with the presence of myocardial interstitial fibrosis [represented by the extracellular volume (ECV)] or edema (represented by the T2), detected by cardiac MRI examination after discharge, in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients. Results: Patients with hypertension had reduced B-cell percentages, increased natural killer cell percentages, and higher interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor-β levels compared to patients without hypertension. Larger percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR isotope[SUP]+[/SUP] blood cells, reflecting CD8+ T-cell activation, correlated with increased T2 and ECV in hypertensive patients. The HLA-DR mean fluorescence intensity was associated with ECV in non-hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Our findings reveal cytokine and immune-cell dysregulation in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients with COVID-19, along with moderate correlations between CD8+ T-cell activation and increased cardiac MRI markers of myocardial interstitial fibrosis and edema. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of immune dysfunction mechanisms involved in myocardial remodeling.
Keywords: CD8+; COVID-19; T2; extracellular volume; hypertension; immune system; myocardial fibrosis.