tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Breath Res
. 2022 Mar 2.
doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac59c7. Online ahead of print.
Review of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in exhaled breath condensate
Emeka Nwanochie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jacqueline Linnes[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
In 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged to cause high viral infectivity and severe respiratory illness in humans (COVID-19). Worldwide, limited pandemic mitigation strategies, including lack of diagnostic test availability, resulted in COVID-19 overrunning health systems and spreading throughout the global population. Currently, proximal respiratory tract specimens such as nasopharyngeal swabs are used to diagnose COVID-19 because of their relative ease of collection and applicability in large scale screening. However, localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the distal respiratory tract is associated with more severe infection and symptoms. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a sample matrix comprising aerosolized droplets originating from alveolar lining fluid that are further diluted in the distal and then proximal respiratory tract and collected via condensation during tidal breathing. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in recent resurgence of interest in EBC collection as an alternative, non-invasive sampling method for the staging and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Herein, we review the potential utility of EBC collection for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. While much remains to be discovered in fundamental EBC physiology, pathogen-airway interactions, and optimal sampling protocols, EBC, combined with emerging detection methods, presents a promising non-invasive sample matrix for detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; distal respiratory tract; exhaled breath condensate (EBC); non-invasive; proximal respiratory tract; respiratory viruses.
. 2022 Mar 2.
doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac59c7. Online ahead of print.
Review of non-invasive detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in exhaled breath condensate
Emeka Nwanochie[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jacqueline Linnes[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35235925
- DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac59c7
Abstract
In 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged to cause high viral infectivity and severe respiratory illness in humans (COVID-19). Worldwide, limited pandemic mitigation strategies, including lack of diagnostic test availability, resulted in COVID-19 overrunning health systems and spreading throughout the global population. Currently, proximal respiratory tract specimens such as nasopharyngeal swabs are used to diagnose COVID-19 because of their relative ease of collection and applicability in large scale screening. However, localization of SARS-CoV-2 in the distal respiratory tract is associated with more severe infection and symptoms. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a sample matrix comprising aerosolized droplets originating from alveolar lining fluid that are further diluted in the distal and then proximal respiratory tract and collected via condensation during tidal breathing. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in recent resurgence of interest in EBC collection as an alternative, non-invasive sampling method for the staging and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Herein, we review the potential utility of EBC collection for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. While much remains to be discovered in fundamental EBC physiology, pathogen-airway interactions, and optimal sampling protocols, EBC, combined with emerging detection methods, presents a promising non-invasive sample matrix for detection of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; distal respiratory tract; exhaled breath condensate (EBC); non-invasive; proximal respiratory tract; respiratory viruses.