tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
iScience
. 2024 May 28;27(6):110138.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110138. eCollection 2024 Jun 21. Evolution of protective SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cell responses upon vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection
Mohamed I M Ahmed[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sebastian Einhauser[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Clemens Peiter[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Antonia Senninger[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Olga Baranov[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Tabea M Eser[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP], Manuel Huth[SUP] 4 6 [/SUP], Laura Olbrich[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Noemi Castelletti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Raquel Rubio-Acero[SUP] 1 [/SUP], George Carnell[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jonathan Heeney[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Inge Kroidl[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kathrin Held[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Andreas Wieser[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP], Christian Janke[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Michael Hoelscher[SUP] 1 2 5 8 [/SUP], Jan Hasenauer[SUP] 4 6 9 [/SUP], Ralf Wagner[SUP] 3 10 [/SUP], Christof Geldmacher[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP]; KoCo19/ORCHESTRA working group
Affiliations
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) induced better protection than triple vaccination. To address the underlying immunological mechanisms, we studied antibody and T cell response dynamics during vaccination and after BTI. Each vaccination significantly increased peak neutralization titers with simultaneous increases in circulating spike-specific T cell frequencies. Neutralization titers significantly associated with a reduced hazard rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, 97% of triple vaccinees became SARS-CoV-2 infected. BTI further boosted neutralization magnitude and breadth, broadened virus-specific T cell responses to non-vaccine-encoded antigens, and protected with an efficiency of 88% from further infections by December 2022. This effect was then assessed by utilizing mathematical modeling, which accounted for time-dependent infection risk, the antibody, and T cell concentration at any time point after BTI. Our findings suggest that cross-variant protective hybrid immunity induced by vaccination and BTI was an important contributor to the reduced virus transmission observed in Bavaria in late 2022 and thereafter.
Keywords: immunology; microbiology; virology.
. 2024 May 28;27(6):110138.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110138. eCollection 2024 Jun 21. Evolution of protective SARS-CoV-2-specific B and T cell responses upon vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection
Mohamed I M Ahmed[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Sebastian Einhauser[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Clemens Peiter[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Antonia Senninger[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Olga Baranov[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Tabea M Eser[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP], Manuel Huth[SUP] 4 6 [/SUP], Laura Olbrich[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Noemi Castelletti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Raquel Rubio-Acero[SUP] 1 [/SUP], George Carnell[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jonathan Heeney[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Inge Kroidl[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kathrin Held[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Andreas Wieser[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP], Christian Janke[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Michael Hoelscher[SUP] 1 2 5 8 [/SUP], Jan Hasenauer[SUP] 4 6 9 [/SUP], Ralf Wagner[SUP] 3 10 [/SUP], Christof Geldmacher[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP]; KoCo19/ORCHESTRA working group
Affiliations
- PMID: 38974469
- PMCID: PMC11225850
- DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110138
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infection (BTI) induced better protection than triple vaccination. To address the underlying immunological mechanisms, we studied antibody and T cell response dynamics during vaccination and after BTI. Each vaccination significantly increased peak neutralization titers with simultaneous increases in circulating spike-specific T cell frequencies. Neutralization titers significantly associated with a reduced hazard rate for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, 97% of triple vaccinees became SARS-CoV-2 infected. BTI further boosted neutralization magnitude and breadth, broadened virus-specific T cell responses to non-vaccine-encoded antigens, and protected with an efficiency of 88% from further infections by December 2022. This effect was then assessed by utilizing mathematical modeling, which accounted for time-dependent infection risk, the antibody, and T cell concentration at any time point after BTI. Our findings suggest that cross-variant protective hybrid immunity induced by vaccination and BTI was an important contributor to the reduced virus transmission observed in Bavaria in late 2022 and thereafter.
Keywords: immunology; microbiology; virology.