tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Mol Sci
. 2021 Mar 15;22(6):2967.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22062967.
Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Raymond Chu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Charmaine van Eeden[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sneha Suresh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wendy I Sligl[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mohammed Osman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality across the world, with no current effective treatments available. Recent studies suggest the possibility of a cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19, similar to the biochemical profile seen in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), raising the question of possible benefits that could be derived from targeted immunosuppression in severe COVID-19 patients. We reviewed the literature regarding the diagnosis and features of HLH, particularly secondary HLH, and aimed to identify gaps in the literature to truly clarify the existence of a COVID-19 associated HLH. Diagnostic criteria such as HScore or HLH-2004 may have suboptimal performance in identifying COVID-19 HLH-like presentations, and criteria such as soluble CD163, NK cell activity, or other novel biomarkers may be more useful in identifying this entity.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; macrophage activation syndrome; natural killer cells.
. 2021 Mar 15;22(6):2967.
doi: 10.3390/ijms22062967.
Do COVID-19 Infections Result in a Different Form of Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Raymond Chu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Charmaine van Eeden[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sneha Suresh[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Wendy I Sligl[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mohammed Osman[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33803997
- DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062967
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality across the world, with no current effective treatments available. Recent studies suggest the possibility of a cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19, similar to the biochemical profile seen in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), raising the question of possible benefits that could be derived from targeted immunosuppression in severe COVID-19 patients. We reviewed the literature regarding the diagnosis and features of HLH, particularly secondary HLH, and aimed to identify gaps in the literature to truly clarify the existence of a COVID-19 associated HLH. Diagnostic criteria such as HScore or HLH-2004 may have suboptimal performance in identifying COVID-19 HLH-like presentations, and criteria such as soluble CD163, NK cell activity, or other novel biomarkers may be more useful in identifying this entity.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; macrophage activation syndrome; natural killer cells.