tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Infect Dis
. 2025 Oct 15:108132.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108132. Online ahead of print. Active Surveillance for Emerging Influenza A Viruses - Findings from a One Health Study in Vietnam's Live Bird Markets
Vuong N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Judith U Oguzie[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tung D Dao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anh N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Son D Tran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Quy D Nguyen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hung Q Nguyen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lyudmyla V Marushchak[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Thang Nguyen-Tien[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ismaila Shittu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hung Nguyen-Viet[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Phuc Duc Pham[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Huy C Nguyen[SUP] 6 [/SUP], John S Brooks[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Gregory C Gray[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Objectives: Live bird markets (LBMs) in Asia have often been the source of human infections with avian influenza virus (AIV).
Methods: From July 2021 to August 2023, we employed a One Health approach in conducting periodic surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in five LBMs in northern Vietnam. Specimens were studied with egg culture, molecular assays, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing.
Results: We studied a total of 688 human, avian, and bioaerosol specimens. Among these, 118 (17.2%) were found to have molecular evidence of AIVs. Next-generation sequencing of 92 isolates revealed multiple AIV subtypes, including H4N6 (n=1), H5N1 (n=3), H5N8 (n=6), H6N2 (n=3), H6N6 (n=18), and H9N2 (n=61) and mix infections (n=7). Our H5Nx sequences belonged to the Eurasian lineage clade 2.3.4.4b, while our H6N2 sequences were of group III, H6N6 of group II, and H9N2 of the BJ94-lineage clade 4.6.14.
Conclusions: The relatively high prevalence of AIV, particularly highly pathogenic H5N1 and H5N8 viruses, along with the subtype diversity, frequent co-infections and notable mutations, highlights the urgent need for continued monitoring and control of AIV in Vietnam's poultry farms and LBMs.
Keywords: Influenza; One Health; Vietnam; birds; zoonoses.
. 2025 Oct 15:108132.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108132. Online ahead of print. Active Surveillance for Emerging Influenza A Viruses - Findings from a One Health Study in Vietnam's Live Bird Markets
Vuong N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Judith U Oguzie[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tung D Dao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anh N Bui[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Son D Tran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Quy D Nguyen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hung Q Nguyen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Claudia M Trujillo-Vargas[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lyudmyla V Marushchak[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Thang Nguyen-Tien[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ismaila Shittu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hung Nguyen-Viet[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Phuc Duc Pham[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Huy C Nguyen[SUP] 6 [/SUP], John S Brooks[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Gregory C Gray[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41106464
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108132
Objectives: Live bird markets (LBMs) in Asia have often been the source of human infections with avian influenza virus (AIV).
Methods: From July 2021 to August 2023, we employed a One Health approach in conducting periodic surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in five LBMs in northern Vietnam. Specimens were studied with egg culture, molecular assays, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing.
Results: We studied a total of 688 human, avian, and bioaerosol specimens. Among these, 118 (17.2%) were found to have molecular evidence of AIVs. Next-generation sequencing of 92 isolates revealed multiple AIV subtypes, including H4N6 (n=1), H5N1 (n=3), H5N8 (n=6), H6N2 (n=3), H6N6 (n=18), and H9N2 (n=61) and mix infections (n=7). Our H5Nx sequences belonged to the Eurasian lineage clade 2.3.4.4b, while our H6N2 sequences were of group III, H6N6 of group II, and H9N2 of the BJ94-lineage clade 4.6.14.
Conclusions: The relatively high prevalence of AIV, particularly highly pathogenic H5N1 and H5N8 viruses, along with the subtype diversity, frequent co-infections and notable mutations, highlights the urgent need for continued monitoring and control of AIV in Vietnam's poultry farms and LBMs.
Keywords: Influenza; One Health; Vietnam; birds; zoonoses.