tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Environ Res Public Health
. 2021 Jun 30;18(13):7018.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137018.
Investigation of Four Clusters of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rwanda, 2020
Olivier Nsekuye[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Edson Rwagasore[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marie Aime Muhimpundu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ziad El-Khatib[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Daniel Ntabanganyimana[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Eric Noël Kamayirese[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Laurent Ruyange[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Angela Umutoni[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Adeline Kabeja Adeline[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Joseph Ntaganira[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sabin Nsazimana[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jared Omolo[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
We reported the findings of the first Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) four clusters identified in Rwanda. Case-investigations included contact elicitation, testing, and isolation/quarantine of confirmed cases. Socio-demographic and clinical data on cases and contacts were collected. A confirmed case was a person with laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PCR) while a contact was any person who had contact with a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed case within 72 h prior, to 14 days after symptom onset; or 14 days before collection of the laboratory-positive sample for asymptomatic cases. High risk contacts were those who had come into unprotected face-to-face contact or had been in a closed environment with a SARS-CoV-2 case for >15 min. Forty cases were reported from four clusters by 22 April 2020, accounting for 61% of locally transmitted cases within six weeks. Clusters A, B, C and D were associated with two nightclubs, one house party, and different families or households living in the same compound (multi-family dwelling). Thirty-six of the 1035 contacts tested were positive (secondary attack rate: 3.5%). Positivity rates were highest among the high-risk contacts compared to low-risk contacts (10% vs. 2.2%). Index cases in three of the clusters were imported through international travelling. Fifteen of the 40 cases (38%) were asymptomatic while 13/25 (52%) and 8/25 (32%) of symptomatic cases had a cough and fever respectively. Gatherings in closed spaces were the main early drivers of transmission. Systematic case-investigations contact tracing and testing likely contributed to the early containment of SARS-CoV-2 in Rwanda.
Keywords: COVID19; Rwanda; cluster analysis; infectious diseases; transmission.
. 2021 Jun 30;18(13):7018.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137018.
Investigation of Four Clusters of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rwanda, 2020
Olivier Nsekuye[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Edson Rwagasore[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marie Aime Muhimpundu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ziad El-Khatib[SUP] 4 5 6 [/SUP], Daniel Ntabanganyimana[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Eric Noël Kamayirese[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Laurent Ruyange[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Angela Umutoni[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Adeline Kabeja Adeline[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Joseph Ntaganira[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sabin Nsazimana[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Jared Omolo[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34209123
- DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137018
Abstract
We reported the findings of the first Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) four clusters identified in Rwanda. Case-investigations included contact elicitation, testing, and isolation/quarantine of confirmed cases. Socio-demographic and clinical data on cases and contacts were collected. A confirmed case was a person with laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PCR) while a contact was any person who had contact with a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed case within 72 h prior, to 14 days after symptom onset; or 14 days before collection of the laboratory-positive sample for asymptomatic cases. High risk contacts were those who had come into unprotected face-to-face contact or had been in a closed environment with a SARS-CoV-2 case for >15 min. Forty cases were reported from four clusters by 22 April 2020, accounting for 61% of locally transmitted cases within six weeks. Clusters A, B, C and D were associated with two nightclubs, one house party, and different families or households living in the same compound (multi-family dwelling). Thirty-six of the 1035 contacts tested were positive (secondary attack rate: 3.5%). Positivity rates were highest among the high-risk contacts compared to low-risk contacts (10% vs. 2.2%). Index cases in three of the clusters were imported through international travelling. Fifteen of the 40 cases (38%) were asymptomatic while 13/25 (52%) and 8/25 (32%) of symptomatic cases had a cough and fever respectively. Gatherings in closed spaces were the main early drivers of transmission. Systematic case-investigations contact tracing and testing likely contributed to the early containment of SARS-CoV-2 in Rwanda.
Keywords: COVID19; Rwanda; cluster analysis; infectious diseases; transmission.