tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Biol Macromol
. 2022 Sep 26;222:972-993.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.184. Online ahead of print.
Non-uniform aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 intraspecies evolution reopen question of its origin
Sk Sarif Hassan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vaishnavi Kodakandla[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Elrashdy M Redwan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kenneth Lundstrom[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pabitra Pal Choudhury[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ángel Serrano-Aroca[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Gajendra Kumar Azad[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Alaa A A Aljabali[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Giorgio Palu[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Debmalya Barh[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Bruce D Uhal[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Parise Adadi[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Kazuo Takayama[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Nicolas G Bazan[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Murtaza Tambuwala[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Samendra P Sherchan[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Amos Lal[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Gaurav Chauhan[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Vladimir N Uversky[SUP] 21 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been presented on the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from its identification as the agent causing the current coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. So far, no solid evidence has been found to support any hypothesis on the origin of this virus, and the issue continue to resurface over and over again. Here we have unfolded a pattern of distribution of several mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 proteins in 24 geo-locations across different continents. The results showed an evenly uneven distribution of the unique protein variants, distinct mutations, unique frequency of common conserved residues, and mutational residues across these 24 geo-locations. Furthermore, ample mutations were identified in the evolutionarily conserved invariant regions in the SARS-CoV-2 proteins across almost all geo-locations studied. This pattern of mutations potentially breaches the law of evolutionary conserved functional units of the beta-coronavirus genus. These mutations may lead to several novel SARS-CoV-2 variants with a high degree of transmissibility and virulence. A thorough investigation on the origin and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 needs to be conducted in the interest of science and for the preparation of meeting the challenges of potential future pandemics.
Keywords: Evenly-uneven; Furin cleavage site (FCS); Invariant regions; Mutations; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2022 Sep 26;222:972-993.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.184. Online ahead of print.
Non-uniform aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 intraspecies evolution reopen question of its origin
Sk Sarif Hassan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vaishnavi Kodakandla[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Elrashdy M Redwan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kenneth Lundstrom[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Pabitra Pal Choudhury[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ángel Serrano-Aroca[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Gajendra Kumar Azad[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Alaa A A Aljabali[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Giorgio Palu[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Debmalya Barh[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Bruce D Uhal[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Parise Adadi[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Kazuo Takayama[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Nicolas G Bazan[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Murtaza Tambuwala[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Samendra P Sherchan[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Amos Lal[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Gaurav Chauhan[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Wagner Baetas-da-Cruz[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Vladimir N Uversky[SUP] 21 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36174872
- PMCID: PMC9511875
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.184
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been presented on the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from its identification as the agent causing the current coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. So far, no solid evidence has been found to support any hypothesis on the origin of this virus, and the issue continue to resurface over and over again. Here we have unfolded a pattern of distribution of several mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 proteins in 24 geo-locations across different continents. The results showed an evenly uneven distribution of the unique protein variants, distinct mutations, unique frequency of common conserved residues, and mutational residues across these 24 geo-locations. Furthermore, ample mutations were identified in the evolutionarily conserved invariant regions in the SARS-CoV-2 proteins across almost all geo-locations studied. This pattern of mutations potentially breaches the law of evolutionary conserved functional units of the beta-coronavirus genus. These mutations may lead to several novel SARS-CoV-2 variants with a high degree of transmissibility and virulence. A thorough investigation on the origin and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 needs to be conducted in the interest of science and for the preparation of meeting the challenges of potential future pandemics.
Keywords: Evenly-uneven; Furin cleavage site (FCS); Invariant regions; Mutations; SARS-CoV-2.