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Influenza virus receptors in the human air way.

Mingus

Mingus

Well-known member
<dl class="PubmedArticle" id="dlPubmedArticle17038816"><dt class="head" id="head17038816">1: Uirusu. 2006 Jun;56(1):85-9.<script language="JavaScript1.2"> <!-- var PopUpMenu2_LocalConfig_jsmenu3Config = [ ["ShowCloseIcon","yes"], ["Help","window.open('/entrez/query/static/popup.html','Links_Help','resizable=no,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=no,location=no,directories=no,status=no,menubar=no,copyhistory=no,alwaysRaised=no,depend=no,width=400,height=500');"], ["TitleText"," Links "] ] var jsmenu3Config = [ ["UseLocalConfig","jsmenu3Config","",""] ] //--> </script> <script language="JavaScript1.2"> <!-- var Menu17038816 = [ ["UseLocalConfig","jsmenu3Config","",""], ["Books","window.top.location='http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_AbstractPlus&cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=17038816&dopt=Books'","",""] ] //--> </script> Links
</dt><dd class="abstract" id="abstract17038816">Influenza virus receptors in the human air way.

The Avian Zoonosis Research Centre, Tottori University (Associate Professor).
Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infections have resulted in more than 100 human deaths; yet, human-to-human transmission is rare. We demonstrated that the epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract of humans mainly possess sialic acid linked to galactose by alpha 2,6 linkages (SAalpha 2,6Gal), a molecule preferentially recognized by human viruses. However, many cells in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli possess SAalpha 2,3Gal, which is preferentially recognized by avian viruses. These facts are consistent with the observation that H5N1 viruses can be directly transmitted from birds to humans and cause serious lower respiratory tract damage in humans. Furthermore, this anatomical difference in receptor prevalence may explain why the spread of H5N1 viruses among humans is limited. However, since some H5N1 viruses isolated from humans recognize human virus receptors, additional changes must be required for these viruses to acquire the ability for efficient human-to-human transmission.
PMID: 17038816 [PubMed - in process]
</dd></dl>
 
Re: Influenza virus receptors in the human air way.

the spread hunan to human seems to be much more efficient than
bird to human. Much human exposure to sick birds with little infections,
little exposure to sick humans but considerable infections in the clusters.

The change from 2,3 to 2,6 doesn't look so complicated or difficult.
We saw efficient h2h in H1,H2,H3 already with only slightly different
receptor binding domains in HA.

Let's hope that interaction of the genes is required to keep H5N1
functioning and that a simple adaption of the RBD is not sufficient
to cause a pandemic !

H5N1 had not had so many opportunities yet to adapt the RBD.
Those who argue that H5N1 might not be able to go pandemic
since it hadn't done this for 9 years now should keep in mind
that H5N1 just had had no opportunities yet to evolve and adapt
in several generations of mammals.
 
Re: Influenza virus receptors in the human air way.

AnneZ said:
gsgs
What are the numbers of b-h compared to h-h?
Click to expand...

I guess:

probability that a sick bird infect a human in the same household
("pet"-chicken): 1:100

probability that a sick human infects another human in the same
household : 1:10
 
Re: Influenza virus receptors in the human air way.

I wouldn't call it "work out". Just expressing my feelings in numbers rather than unclear words.

Well, somehow looking at the numbers of infected humans
and which percentage of these were in clusters.

And trying to estimate the number of human-sick bird
contacts and comparing with the number of human infections.

BTW. I had a 1:1000 first for b2h but then edited that post.
 
Re: Influenza virus receptors in the human air way.

gsgs said:
I wouldn't call it "work out". Just expressing my feelings in numbers rather than unclear words.

Well, somehow looking at the numbers of infected humans
and which percentage of these were in clusters.

And trying to estimate the number of human-sick bird
contacts and comparing with the number of human infections.

BTW. I had a 1:1000 first for b2h but then edited that post.
Click to expand...

gsgs: I think you should re-edit your post back to the 1:1000 for the b2h.
Generally speaking, the first guess is much more accurate than the second.
(Just expressing my feelings in clear words)
 
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