tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Jan 27. pii: a038315. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038315. [Epub ahead of print] [h=1]Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness: New Insights and Challenges.[/h]
McLean HQ[SUP]1[/SUP], Belongia EA[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Methods for assessing influenza vaccine efficacy and effectiveness have evolved over six decades. Randomized trials remain the gold standard for licensure, but observational studies are needed for annual assessment of vaccine effectiveness (VE). The test-negative design (TND) has become the de facto standard for these field studies. Patients who seek medical care with acute respiratory illness are tested for influenza, and VE is estimated from the odds of vaccination among influenza cases versus test-negative controls. VE varies across seasons, populations, age groups, and products, but VE estimates are consistently higher for A(H1N1)pdm09 and type B compared with A(H3N2). VE studies are increasingly used in combination with molecular epidemiology to understand the viral and immune system factors that drive clinical efficacy and effectiveness. The emerging field of immunoepidemiology offers the potential to understand complex host-virus interactions that affect vaccine protection, and this knowledge will contribute to universal vaccine development.
Copyright ? 2020 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.
PMID: 31988202 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038315
McLean HQ[SUP]1[/SUP], Belongia EA[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Methods for assessing influenza vaccine efficacy and effectiveness have evolved over six decades. Randomized trials remain the gold standard for licensure, but observational studies are needed for annual assessment of vaccine effectiveness (VE). The test-negative design (TND) has become the de facto standard for these field studies. Patients who seek medical care with acute respiratory illness are tested for influenza, and VE is estimated from the odds of vaccination among influenza cases versus test-negative controls. VE varies across seasons, populations, age groups, and products, but VE estimates are consistently higher for A(H1N1)pdm09 and type B compared with A(H3N2). VE studies are increasingly used in combination with molecular epidemiology to understand the viral and immune system factors that drive clinical efficacy and effectiveness. The emerging field of immunoepidemiology offers the potential to understand complex host-virus interactions that affect vaccine protection, and this knowledge will contribute to universal vaccine development.
Copyright ? 2020 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.
PMID: 31988202 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038315