Giuseppe
Emeritus
Influenza infection in wild raccoons. [EID CDC]
DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.071371
Suggested citation for this article: Hall JS, Bentler KT, Landolt G, Elmore SA, Minnis RB, Campbell TA, et al. Influenza infection in wild raccoons. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Dec; [Epub ahead of print]
Influenza Infection in Wild Raccoons
Jeffrey S. Hall,1 Kevin T. Bentler, Gabrielle Landolt, Stacey A. Elmore, Richard B. Minnis, Tyler A. Campbell, Scott C. Barras, J. Jeffrey Root, John Pilon, Kristy Pabilonia, Cindy Driscoll, Dennis Slate, Heather Sullivan, and Robert G. McLean - Author affiliations: US Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (J.S. Hall, K.T. Bentler, S.A. Elmore, J.J. Root, J. Pilon, H. Sullivan, R.G. McLean); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins (G. Landolt, K. Pabilonia); Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA (R.B. Minnis); US Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center, Kingsville, Texas, USA (T.A. Campbell); US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, Moreley, Virginia, USA (S.C. Barras); Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Oxford, Maryland, USA (C. Driscoll); and US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, Concord, New Hampshire, USA (D. Slate)
1Current affiliation: US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are common, widely distributed animals that frequently come into contact with wild waterfowl, agricultural operations, and humans.
Serosurveys showed that raccoons are exposed to avian influenza virus.
We found antibodies to a variety of influenza virus subtypes (H10N7, H4N6, H4N2, H3, and H1) with wide geographic variation in seroprevalence.
Experimental infection studies showed that raccoons become infected with avian and human influenza A viruses, shed and transmit virus to virus-free animals, and seroconvert.
Analyses of cellular receptors showed that raccoons have avian and human type receptors with a similar distribution as found in human respiratory tracts.
The potential exists for co-infection of multiple subtypes of influenza virus with genetic reassortment and creation of novel strains of influenza virus.
Experimental and field data indicate that raccoons may play an important role in influenza disease ecology and pose risks to agriculture and human health.
-
Full text: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/14/12/pdfs/07-1371.pdf
------
DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.071371
Suggested citation for this article: Hall JS, Bentler KT, Landolt G, Elmore SA, Minnis RB, Campbell TA, et al. Influenza infection in wild raccoons. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Dec; [Epub ahead of print]
Influenza Infection in Wild Raccoons
Jeffrey S. Hall,1 Kevin T. Bentler, Gabrielle Landolt, Stacey A. Elmore, Richard B. Minnis, Tyler A. Campbell, Scott C. Barras, J. Jeffrey Root, John Pilon, Kristy Pabilonia, Cindy Driscoll, Dennis Slate, Heather Sullivan, and Robert G. McLean - Author affiliations: US Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (J.S. Hall, K.T. Bentler, S.A. Elmore, J.J. Root, J. Pilon, H. Sullivan, R.G. McLean); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins (G. Landolt, K. Pabilonia); Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA (R.B. Minnis); US Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center, Kingsville, Texas, USA (T.A. Campbell); US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, Moreley, Virginia, USA (S.C. Barras); Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Oxford, Maryland, USA (C. Driscoll); and US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services, Concord, New Hampshire, USA (D. Slate)
1Current affiliation: US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Raccoons (Procyon lotor) are common, widely distributed animals that frequently come into contact with wild waterfowl, agricultural operations, and humans.
Serosurveys showed that raccoons are exposed to avian influenza virus.
We found antibodies to a variety of influenza virus subtypes (H10N7, H4N6, H4N2, H3, and H1) with wide geographic variation in seroprevalence.
Experimental infection studies showed that raccoons become infected with avian and human influenza A viruses, shed and transmit virus to virus-free animals, and seroconvert.
Analyses of cellular receptors showed that raccoons have avian and human type receptors with a similar distribution as found in human respiratory tracts.
The potential exists for co-infection of multiple subtypes of influenza virus with genetic reassortment and creation of novel strains of influenza virus.
Experimental and field data indicate that raccoons may play an important role in influenza disease ecology and pose risks to agriculture and human health.
-
Full text: http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/14/12/pdfs/07-1371.pdf
------