tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Inflamm Res
. 2020 Jun 11.
doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8. Online ahead of print.
The Possible Pathophysiology Mechanism of Cytokine Storm in Elderly Adults With COVID-19 Infection: The Contribution of "Inflame-Aging"
Gholam Hossein Meftahi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zohreh Jangravi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hedayat Sahraei[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zahra Bahari[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Purpose: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide pandemic. Strangely, ample evidences have been shown that the severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely from children (asymptomatic), adults (mild infection), as well as elderly adults (deadly critical). It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, a cytokine storm can induce edematous, ARDS, pneumonia, as well as multiple organ failure in aged patients. It is far from clear till now why cytokine storm induces in only COVID-19 elderly patients, and not in young patients. However, it seems that aging is associated with mild elevated levels of local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is characterized by "inflamm-aging". It is highly likely that "inflamm-aging" is correlated to increased risk of a cytokine storm in some critical elderly patients with COVID-19 infection.
Methods: A systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, senescent cell, cytokine storm, inflame-aging, ACE2 receptor, autophagy, and Vitamin D. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed.
Results: The aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data and clinical observations that linked the pathophysiology mechanisms of "inflamm-aging", mild-grade inflammation, and cytokine storm in some elderly adults with severe COVID-19 infection.
Keywords: ACE2 receptor; Autophagy; COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Senescent cell; Vitamin D.
. 2020 Jun 11.
doi: 10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8. Online ahead of print.
The Possible Pathophysiology Mechanism of Cytokine Storm in Elderly Adults With COVID-19 Infection: The Contribution of "Inflame-Aging"
Gholam Hossein Meftahi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zohreh Jangravi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hedayat Sahraei[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zahra Bahari[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 32529477
- DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01372-8
Abstract
Purpose: Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is emerged in Wuhan, and recently become worldwide pandemic. Strangely, ample evidences have been shown that the severity of COVID-19 infections varies widely from children (asymptomatic), adults (mild infection), as well as elderly adults (deadly critical). It has proven that COVID-19 infection in some elderly critical adults leads to a cytokine storm, which is characterized by severe systemic elevation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, a cytokine storm can induce edematous, ARDS, pneumonia, as well as multiple organ failure in aged patients. It is far from clear till now why cytokine storm induces in only COVID-19 elderly patients, and not in young patients. However, it seems that aging is associated with mild elevated levels of local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is characterized by "inflamm-aging". It is highly likely that "inflamm-aging" is correlated to increased risk of a cytokine storm in some critical elderly patients with COVID-19 infection.
Methods: A systematic search in the literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar pre-print database using all available MeSH terms for COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, senescent cell, cytokine storm, inflame-aging, ACE2 receptor, autophagy, and Vitamin D. Electronic database searches combined and duplicates were removed.
Results: The aim of the present review was to summarize experimental data and clinical observations that linked the pathophysiology mechanisms of "inflamm-aging", mild-grade inflammation, and cytokine storm in some elderly adults with severe COVID-19 infection.
Keywords: ACE2 receptor; Autophagy; COVID-19; Cytokine storm; Senescent cell; Vitamin D.