tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Infect Genet Evol
. 2020 Nov 29;104647.
doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104647. Online ahead of print.
The dynamic association between COVID-19 and chronic disorders: An updated insight into prevalence mechanism and therapeutic modalities
Shatha K Alyammahi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shifaa M Abdin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dima W Alhamad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sara M Elgendy[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amani T Altell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hany A Omar[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused thousands of deaths and left millions of restless patients suffering from its complications. Increasing data indicate that the disease presents in a severe form in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory system diseases, and renal diseases. This indicates that these patients seem to be more susceptible to COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates compared to patients with no comorbid conditions. Several factors can explain the heightened susceptibility to and fatal presentation of COVID-19 in these patients, for example, the enhanced expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) in specific organs, cytokine storm, and drug interactions contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality. Adding to the findings that individuals with pre-existing conditions may be more susceptible to COVID-19, it has also been shown that COVID-19 can induce chronic diseases in previously healthy patients. Therefore, understanding the interlinked relationship between COVID-19 and chronic diseases helps in optimizing the management of susceptible patients. This review comprehensively described the molecular mechanisms that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, blood disorders, autoimmune diseases and finally, obesity. It also focused on how COVID-19 could, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions as a result of long-term multi-organ damage. Lastly, this work carefully discusses the tailored management plans for each specific patient population, aiming to achieve the best therapeutic outcome with minimum complications.
Keywords: COVID-19; Chronic disorders; Management plans; Multi-organ damage; Prognosis.
. 2020 Nov 29;104647.
doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104647. Online ahead of print.
The dynamic association between COVID-19 and chronic disorders: An updated insight into prevalence mechanism and therapeutic modalities
Shatha K Alyammahi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shifaa M Abdin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dima W Alhamad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sara M Elgendy[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amani T Altell[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hany A Omar[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33264669
- DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104647
Abstract
The devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused thousands of deaths and left millions of restless patients suffering from its complications. Increasing data indicate that the disease presents in a severe form in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory system diseases, and renal diseases. This indicates that these patients seem to be more susceptible to COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates compared to patients with no comorbid conditions. Several factors can explain the heightened susceptibility to and fatal presentation of COVID-19 in these patients, for example, the enhanced expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) in specific organs, cytokine storm, and drug interactions contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality. Adding to the findings that individuals with pre-existing conditions may be more susceptible to COVID-19, it has also been shown that COVID-19 can induce chronic diseases in previously healthy patients. Therefore, understanding the interlinked relationship between COVID-19 and chronic diseases helps in optimizing the management of susceptible patients. This review comprehensively described the molecular mechanisms that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, blood disorders, autoimmune diseases and finally, obesity. It also focused on how COVID-19 could, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions as a result of long-term multi-organ damage. Lastly, this work carefully discusses the tailored management plans for each specific patient population, aiming to achieve the best therapeutic outcome with minimum complications.
Keywords: COVID-19; Chronic disorders; Management plans; Multi-organ damage; Prognosis.