Indonesia - South Kalimantan- H5N1 Avian Flu clade 2.3.4.4b found on poultry farm - February 27, 2023

[Treyfish]

Ministry of Health Wary of Bird Flu Infecting Humans
Report by Billy Patoppoi
Monday, February 27, 2023
| 13:44 WIB
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The Indonesian Ministry of Health (Kemenkes) is wary of the tendency of New Clade Avian Flu 2.3.4.4b to infect humans, following the finding of a case that attacked poultry in a farm in South Kalimantan.

"Currently there are no reports of transmission to humans, but we still have to be vigilant," said Director General of Disease Prevention and Control of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, Maxi Rein Rondonuwu, as reported by Antara, Monday (27/2/2023).

Maxi said that although the risk of infection in humans is still relatively low, the government has increased early vigilance, bearing in mind that zoonotic virus mutations are fast and take place consistently in mammals.


He said the Ministry of Health had issued a Circular Letter of the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control (P2P) Number PV.03.01/C/824/2023 concerning Precautions for Extraordinary Events (KLB) Bird Flu (H5N1) New Clade 2.3.4.4b which was established on 24 February 2023.:magnify:

The circular contains requests from provincial, district/city health offices and heads of Port Health Offices (KKP) throughout Indonesia to coordinate and cooperate with agencies in charge of animal health functions and other related sectors in efforts to prevent and control bird flu in humans.

Regional governments are also asked to prepare health facilities for the management of suspected cases of bird flu in accordance with established guidelines. As well as increasing the capacity of the Public Health Laboratory (Labkesmas) to examine samples from cases with symptoms of suspected bird flu.

"Surveillance activities and the Fast Action Team (TGC), especially in detecting epidemiological signals in the field, also need to be improved," he said.

For areas that are sentinel surveillance for Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) to increase early awareness for the detection of suspected cases of Avian Influenza in areas where outbreaks of Avian Influenza have occurred in poultry.

Whenever a suspected case of bird flu is found, the Puskesmas immediately reports it in less than 24 hours to the District/City Health Office (Dinkes) through the Incident-Based Surveillance system and the Early Alertness and Response System (SKDR).

Provincial and District/City Health Offices should immediately report in less than 24 hours to the PHEOC Directorate General of P2P. Coordinate with agencies in charge of local animal health functions.


As a form of vigilance, Director General Maxi also instructed the KKP to increase supervision of domestic and foreign travellers at seaports, airports and state land border crossing posts.

“Carrying out inspections and handling cases if travel behavior is found that has symptoms of ILI according to applicable guidelines. Conduct socialization and coordination with all cross-sectors in the KKP work area," he said.

Director General Maxi also appealed to the public to always practice Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), report to the Animal Husbandry Service if there are sudden and large numbers of poultry deaths in their environment, immediately go to a health facility if they experience symptoms of bird flu and have a history of contact with other factors. risk.

Siti Nadia Tarmizi, Head of the Bureau of Communication and Public Services of the Indonesian Ministry of Health, added that mitigating the transmission of New Clade Avian Flu 2.3.4.4b in Indonesia is prioritized in areas related to poultry and wild animals.


"The focus of mitigation is on poultry farms or wildlife conservation areas that need strict monitoring of the possibility of bird flu transmission to humans," he said.

He said the Ministry of Health had coordinated with the Ministry of Agriculture (Kementan) and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) for the prevention of Bird Flu.

The Ministry of Agriculture has positively identified the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus through PCR testing and sequencing at non-vaccinated Peking duck commercial farms in South Kalimantan.

"We have coordinated with the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry to anticipate this situation by holding a coordination meeting on 15 February 2023 to respond to SE Director General of Livestock and Animal Health - Ministry of Agriculture Number 16183 of 2023 concerning Raising Awareness of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza subtype H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b, he said. (ant/ihz):tiphat:https://www.suarasurabaya.net/kelana...​​​​

 

[Treyfish]

Outbreak Alert, Subtype of Bird Flu Found in South Kalimantan
Written by Rinda Putri Tsani 27 February 2023 wi in Healthy , National , News

Womanindonesia.co.id – The Ministry of Health ( Kemenkes ) announced that the mutation of bird flu (H5N1), namely. 2.3.4.4b which is also known as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HAPAI) has arrived in Indonesia.

He said that a new type of bird flu virus could be transmitted or spread to humans.

However, based on the results of WHO influenza A (H5N1) clade 2,3,4,4b virus risk assessment, it was concluded that the risk of human infection is currently low and has not been reported underway. Human-to-human transmission.

The Ministry of Health said that the situation with the spread of the new virus clade 2.3.4.4b influenza A (H5N1), known as bird flu, is currently a concern for many parties.

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has indicated that currently there has been an outbreak of HPAI (highly pathogenic avian influenza) new clade H5N1 subtype 2.3.4.4b in America, Europe and Asia, especially China and Japan.

The Ministry of Health indicates that the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has spread from wild birds to several species of mammals in various countries in Europe and North America, where the prevalence of the virus in poultry populations is high...The government is aware of the Extraordinary Event of New Clade Avian Influenza (KLB) 2.3.4.4b, even though the risk of transmission to humans is currently low.

This was a precaution given the rapid and consistent mutation of the virus in mammals, giving the virus zoonotic tendencies and the ability to spread to humans.....

::tiphat: https://www.womanindonesia.co.id/flu...ukan-di-kalsel
Penulis :

 

[Treyfish]

Bird Flu Potential for Zoonoses, Government Beware of KLB​

Monday, 27 February 2023 - 11:13 WIB​

–The government is wary of the ​

New Clade ​

Bird Flu ​

Extraordinary Event​

(KLB) 2.3.4.4b ​

, even though currently the risk of infection in humans is still low. ​

This step was taken as a form of caution considering the rapid and consistent mutation of the virus in mammals, so that the virus has a ​

zoonotic​

tendency and has the potential to spread to humans.​

This rule is contained in the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control (P2P) Circular Letter Number PV.03.01/C/824/2023 concerning Precautions for New Clade Bird Flu ( H5N1​

) Extraordinary Events 2.3.4.4b which was ​

stipulated on 24 February 2023.​

"Currently there are no reports of transmission to humans, but we still have to be ​

vigilant​

," said the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control, dr. ​

Maxi Rein Rondonuwu in Jakarta.​

......:tiphat:https://www-antvklik-com.translate....tr_sl=id&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

 

[sharon sanders]

Government announcement....

• Potential for Zoonoses, Government Beware of Avian Flu Outbreaks
  
  Published On : Saturday, 25 February 2023 00:00:00, Read : 1,036 Times
  
  
  
  
  
  Jakarta, 25 February 2023
  
  
  
  
  The government is aware of the New Clade Avian Flu Extraordinary Event (KLB) 2.3.4.4b, although currently the risk of infection in humans is still low. This is a form of caution considering the rapid and consistent mutation of the virus in mammals, so that the virus has a zoonotic tendency and has the potential to spread to humans.
  
  
  
  
  This rule is contained in the Circular of the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control (P2P) Number PV.03.01/C/824/2023 concerning Precautions for Extraordinary Events of Bird Flu (H5N1) New Clade 2.3.4.4b which was stipulated on 24 February 2023
  
  
  
  
  SE Clade Bird Flu Precautions 2.3.4.4
  
  
  
  
  ''Currently there are no reports of transmission to humans, but we still have to be vigilant,'' said the Director General of Disease Prevention and Control, dr. Maxi Rein Rondonuwu in Jakarta
  
  
  
  
  Through this Regulation, Provincial Health Offices, districts/cities and heads of Port Health Offices (KKP) throughout Indonesia are asked to coordinate and cooperate with agencies in charge of animal health functions and other related sectors in efforts to prevent and control bird flu in humans.
  
  
  
  
  The Provincial, District/City Health Offices are also asked to prepare health facilities for the management of suspected cases of bird flu in accordance with established guidelines. As well as increasing the capacity of public health labs to examine samples from cases with suspected symptoms of bird flu.
  
  
  
  
  Intensifying surveillance activities and the Fast Action Team (TGC), especially in detecting epidemiological signals in the field
  
  
  
  
  For areas that are sentinel surveillance for influenza like illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) to increase early awareness for the detection of suspected cases of avian influenza in areas where outbreaks of avian influenza have occurred in poultry
  
  
  
  
  Whenever a suspected case of bird flu is found, the Puskesmas immediately reports it in less than 24 hours to the District/City Health Office through the Event Based Surveillance (EBS) system and the Early Alertness and Response System (SKDR). The Provincial and District/City Health Offices immediately report in less than 24 hours to the PHEOC Directorate General of P2P. Coordinate with agencies in charge of local animal health functions.
  
  
  
  
  As a form of vigilance at the gates of the country, Director General Maxi also instructed the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries to increase supervision of domestic and foreign travellers at seaports, airports and state land border crossing posts. Examine and handle cases if travel behavior that has symptoms of ILI is found according to applicable guidelines. Conduct socialization and coordination with all cross-sectors in the work area of ​​the KKP.
  
  
  
  
  ''We are all on standby,'' said Director General Maxi.
  
  
  
  
  To the public, Director General Maxi also appealed to the public to always practice Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS), report to the livestock service if there are sudden and large numbers of poultry deaths in their environment, immediately go to a health facility if they experience symptoms of bird flu and have a history of contact with risk factors
  
  
  
  
  This news was broadcast by the Bureau of Communication and Public Services, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. For further information, please call the Halo Ministry of Health hotline number via hotline number 1500-567, SMS 081281562620, facsimile (021) 5223002, 52921669, and contact email address [at] ministry of health [dot] go [dot] id (NI).

https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/vie...lu-burung.html

 

[Treyfish]

Bird Flu Case Appears in South Kalimantan, Attacking Peking Duck Farms
Kevi Laras, Journalist · Saturday 25 February 2023 16:16 WIB

CASE of bird flu strikes Indonesia again. Diseases caused by influenza viruses that attack poultry such as chickens, ducks and birds can indeed attack humans or are called zoonoses.

Bird flu is also one of the deadly diseases for humans. When the virus infects humans, complications that can occur include pneumonia to organ failure.

This case of bird flu was also found in South Kalimantan, this is known in a circular letter (SE) concerning Precautions for Avian Flu Extraordinary Events (H5N1) NEW CLADE 2.3.4.4b NUMBER: PV.03.01/C//2023.

"Circular of the Director General of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture No.16183/PK.320/F/01/2023 dated 16 January 2023 concerning Increasing Awareness of HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza) subtype H5N1 which states that there is an increase in outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3 .4.4b and clade 2.3.2.1c in the world," explained the Ministry of Health in its circular letter.

"This outbreak has been identified as positive for the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus through PCR testing and sequencing at unvaccinated Peking duck commercial farms in South Kalimantan Province," the statement added.

Thus, the Head of the Communication and Public Service Bureau of the Ministry of Health, dr. Siti Nadia Tarmizi, M.Epid confirmed that the existing cases were found in poultry. There have been no reports of it occurring in humans. "This is a case of poultry, if not in humans yet," Dr. Nadia explained to MNC Portal, Saturday (25/2/2023).:tiphat:https://www.okezone.com/tren/read/2...enyerang-peternakan-bebek-peking?page=1​​​​​​

 

[Treyfish]

South Kalimantan Performs Bird Flu Test Steps
By: Iman - Editor: Heri Firmansyah - 27 Feb 2023 - 03:30 News Center

Illustrative photo: Clade Baru bird flu subtype 2.3.4.4b was found in a Peking duck farm in South Kalimantan. (Photo: Between)
KBRN, Jakarta: The Provincial Government of South Kalimantan is taking steps to test cases of bird flu or H5N1. This follows a circular letter (SE) from the Ministry of Health regarding Extraordinary Events (KLB) of New Clade Bird Flu 2.3.4.4b No: PV.03.01/C//2023.

The SE stated that this outbreak had been identified as positive for the H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b virus. Namely through PCR testing and sequencing at unvaccinated Peking duck commercial farms in South Kalimantan Province.

Head of the South Kalimantan Plantation and Animal Husbandry Service, Suparmi, said that his party is conducting tests on bird flu cases at the Banjar Baru Veterinary Center. "We are still waiting for official test results from our laboratory, in this case the Banjar Baru Veterinary Center," said Suparmi in a conversation with Pro 3 RRI, Sunday (26/2/2023) evening.

He explained that the test was carried out because previously in South Kalimantan Province there had been bird flu virus transmission. For this reason, his team together with the Veterinary Center will coordinate with all districts/cities to take preventive measures.

"However, regarding the type of bird flu virus, it is still awaiting official test results from the Banjar Baru Veterinary Center," he said.

Suparmi said, based on experience, cases of bird flu or H5N1 in South Kalimantan several years ago were zoonotic or had the potential to infect humans.:tiphat:https://www.rri.co.id/kesehatan/174...ngujian-flu-burung#.Y_wfL-RiKHc.twitter​​​​​​

 

[Treyfish]

[FONT=Gelasio !important]Bird Flu Has Entered South Kalimantan, How about in Tanah Bumbu?[/FONT]

Wednesday, March 1, 2023
Posted by:Arief Putra[

BATULICIN – New clade bird flu virus 2.3.4.4b is threatening Banua. The South Kalimantan Health Service has found the case in North Hulu Sungai Regency (HSU).
Head of Health Office of South Kalimantan, Dr. Diauddin said that the information about the bird flu infection was received on Sunday (26/2).
According to the report, there was one sample of ducks in Amuntai that was positive for bird flu.
Based on these findings, Diauddin asked the public to increase their vigilance. "Although the (risk) is low, this virus has the potential to spread to mammals. It is feared that it can attack humans as well," he said.
Because he had just been confirmed positive in poultry, he stated that the handling of bird flu cases was still under the authority of the Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry.
..Diauddin added that the Port Health Office (KKP) in the regions would also strictly inspect travelers at provincial entrances.
Separately, the Head of the South Kalimantan Disbunnak, Suparmi, admitted that he had received an order from the governor to increase vigilance against bird flu outbreaks....

..Head of the Agriculture and Livestock Service Office of Tanah Bumbu Regency, Hairuddin, denied the emergence of dozens of bird flu cases in his area.
"It's just a miscommunication, we have reprimanded the official who gave the statement," he told Radar Banjarmasin last night.
He explained that the test results for poultry samples in Tanah Bumbu were not yet valid. There are still a few more steps to make sure.
"There were three birds that were hit, and even then it still needs to be verified again in the laboratory," he added....:tiphat:https://radarbanjarmasin-jawapos-co...tr_sl=id&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

 

[Treyfish]

SOUTH KALIMANTAN

Bird Flu Indicated in Tanbu and HSU, Asked to Increase Vigilance

Published
16 minutes ago on
March 1, 2023
Uploaded by
April

​

ANTAN.COM, BANJARBARU – Several districts/cities in South Kalimantan Province (Kalsel) have indicated that they have been attacked by Avian Influenza (AI) alias bird flu.
It is strongly suspected that bird flu has attacked several poultry in Tanah Bumbu and Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU) districts.

Regional Secretary of South Kalimantan Province, Roy Rizali Anwar said, with the discovery of cases of bird flu in several areas, he will ensure that he will deploy a technical SKPD to minimize the spread of this bird flu virus.
"This step is to localize the spread of the virus, we immediately deploy a technical team," he said.

Roy explained that he would deploy the related SKPD to monitor the spread of this virus.
"Hopefully it doesn't spread anywhere," he said.
The Provincial Government of South Kalimantan, said Roy, asked the public to increase their awareness of the spread of the bird flu virus.
Still said Roy, the South Kalimantan Provincial Government through the South Kalimantan Health Service has written a letter to the district/city governments to increase vigilance in their respective areas. (Kanalkalimantan.com/ibnu)

:tiphat:https://www-kanalkalimantan-com.tra...id&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc​​​​​​​

 

[Treyfish]

Bird Flu Virus Terror Appears in Cimahi, Dozens of Poultry Sudden Death
30 minutes ago

CIMAHI Avian Influenza (AI) virus attack or bird flu is thought to have caused dozens of poultry belonging to farmers in Padasuka Village, Cimahi Tengah District, Cimahi City, to suddenly die.

The cases of deaths of chickens, muscovy ducks and turkeys have occurred in the last week or from 16 to 21 February 2023. It was recorded that three farmers experienced sudden death of their poultry.

"Previously my chickens weren't sick, but suddenly died. I don't know why it looks like they were poisoned," said a poultry breeder, Yuyun Somantri (63) to reporters, Wednesday (1/3/2023).


He admitted that he did not know why his livestock could suddenly die. Even though in the morning he had cut some of his poultry for consumption. But in the afternoon suddenly a number of birds were found dead. "I have 21 birds, yesterday that died suddenly there were 14 birds," he said.

Mita Mustikasari, Head of the Agriculture Sector, Food and Agriculture Service Office of Cimahi City, said he had received reports of sudden death of poultry from several breeders. Based on the data entered in the last week there were a total of 49 poultry deaths.

His party has sent a team to the field to take samples of birds that died suddenly. The sample was then tested at the Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Center (BKHKMV) of the Food Security and Livestock Service Office of West Java Province.

Apart from that, his party is also cleaning or disinfecting the environment together with the Health Office and the Padasuka Village. Animal owners are also given disinfectants for self-disinfection. As well as making circulars related to the threat of the spread of the bird flu virus.

"The cause could be from the weather and there is also the mobility of poultry from outside the area. Poultry exposed to AI were immediately asked to be buried," he concluded.:tiphat:https://buddyku.com/search?k=flu burung&c=6

 

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.kompas.tv/article/383633/7-bebek-peking-di-hsu-positif-flu-burung-h5n1

https://www.kompas.tv/article/383633/7-bebek-peking-di-hsu-positif-flu-burung-h5n1

7 Peking Ducks in HSU Test Positive for H5N1 Bird Flu!
Thursday, March 2, 2023 | 06:26 WIB

HULU RIVER UTARA , KOMPAS.TV - Seven Peking ducks in Sungai Pandan District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency have tested positive for H5N1 bird flu .

The detection of bird flu was discovered by the Animal Health Sector of the North Hulu Sungai Regency Agricultural Service by testing samples of 10 of 200 populations of Peking ducks.

Until tested positive for bird flu as many as seven birds by the Banjarbaru Veterinary Center laboratory.

Worried about infecting other livestock, now healthy livestock must be separated by isolating sick Peking ducks.

“It turned out that the result was positive for bird flu. The anticipatory steps that have been implemented are carrying out cage disinfection, to isolating sick livestock from healthy livestock," explained the Head of Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health, I Gusti Putu Susila.

"Then spraying the cages and cleaning the cage equipment. As well as vaccinating healthy livestock," he added.

On the other hand, the Animal Health Sector of the North Hulu Sungai District Agriculture Office also ensures that they oversee the health of livestock being traded by routinely deploying officers at livestock markets.

 

[Treyfish]

172 Poultry in Cimahi City Positive for Bird Flu
Kompas.com - 02/03/2023, 12:44 WIB

CIMAHI, KOMPAS.com- A number of poultry belonging to residents in Kebon Manggu Village, RT 05/04, Padasuka Village, Central Cimahi District, Cimahi City, West Java, were confirmed positive for bird flu.

The Cimahi City Food and Agriculture Service (Dispangtan) recorded that 172 resident livestock such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and other poultry were exposed to the type A influenza virus, subtypes H5 and H7.

The Head of the Cimahi City Dispangtan, Tita Mariam said, the report on poultry that was confirmed positive for bird flu began with the finding of sudden deaths of poultry belonging to residents in the period February 16 to February 21, 2023.

"There were 49 poultry belonging to residents who died suddenly in 1 village. Based on the owner's confession, the time of death of the poultry occurred in about a week," said Tita when confirmed, Thursday (2/3/2023).

From the phenomenon of the sudden death of dozens of birds, Dispangtan then took samples for testing at the Animal Health and Veterinary Public Health Center (BKHKMV) of the Food Security and Livestock Service Office of West Java Province.

"The sample test results showed positive avian influenza or AI. AI is an acute viral disease in poultry caused by type A influenza viruses, subtypes H5 and H7," said Tita.


After further investigation, the number of birds exposed to the virus was 172, with details of 49 dead, 40 experiencing symptoms and 81 other birds quarantined in cages.

"All poultry can be infected with influenza A virus, but AI outbreaks often attack chickens and turkeys. This disease is zoonotic and the mortality rate is very high because it can reach 100 percent," he explained.

Tita conveyed that the number of hundreds of birds that were positively exposed to bird flu was suspected of being exposed to contact between birds that were in an adjacent area.

"Poultry owners who experienced a sudden increase in deaths, namely, Mr. Sidin Purwanto, Mrs. Eti Rusmarini, Mr. Yuyun. The birds that were exposed to this virus were close together in one village," he explained.

At that time preventive measures were taken by spraying disinfectant liquid into the poultry cages and livestock areas.

"Environmental disinfection has been carried out together with the Health Office and Padasuka Urban Village. In addition to the environment being disinfected, animal owners are also given disinfectants to carry out self-disinfection by the animal owners themselves," he conveyed.
:tiphat:https://bandung.kompas.com/read/202...ekor-unggas-di-kota-cimahi-positif-flu-burung

 

[Pathfinder]

Indonesia - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

'GENERAL INFORMATION
COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
ZONE

ANIMAL TYPE
TERRESTRIAL

DISEASE CATEGORY
Listed disease

EVENT ID
5041

DISEASE
High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

CAUSAL AGENT
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
H5N1

START DATE
2022/04/05

REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
New strain in a zone or a compartment

DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
-

CONFIRMATION DATE
2023/03/17

EVENT STATUS
On-going

END DATE
-

SELF-DECLARATION
NO

REPORT INFORMATION
REPORT NUMBER
Immediate notification

REPORT ID
IN_160769

REPORT REFERENCE
-

REPORT DATE
2023/05/12

REPORT STATUS
Validated

NO EVOLUTION REPORT
-

EPIDEMIOLOGY
SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
Unknown or inconclusive

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
Population affected was ducks with various ages that where originated from different sources. The source of introduction is still unknown, but the role of wild birds cannot be excluded since the location of the farm is close to the pond where the wild ducks usually identified. The confirmation of cases was done by PCR and followed up by genome sequencing. From the genome sequencing it was confirmed that new clade has been detected

QUANTITATIVE DATA SUMMARY
MEASURING UNIT
Animal

...
NEW OUTBREAKS

OB_118221 - KALIMANTAN SELATAN
OUTBREAK REFERENCE
-

START DATE
2022/04/05

END DATE
-

DETAILED CHARACTERISATION
-

FIRST ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Kalimantan Selatan

SECOND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Hulu Sungai Utara

THIRD ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
Amuntai Tengah

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT
Village

LOCATION
Kalimantan Selatan

Latitude, Longitude
-2.412129 , 115.237907

(Approximate location)
OUTBREAKS IN CLUSTER
-

MEASURING UNIT
Animal

AFFECTED POPULATION DESCRIPTION
The population affected were Alabio ducks with various ages collected from several sources. The farm was located close to the pond where wild birds usually detected. The source of introduction is still unknown, but the role of wild birds cannot be rule out

SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
Birds (DOMESTIC)
Poultry
NEW 5770 4430 - - - -
TOTAL 5770 4430 - - - -

...
https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/5041​