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Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Gert van der Hoek

In Memoriam - Editor, Senior Moderator
This is not new, research was done in 2005, follow up research is mentioned. Some research results were reported , in this report there seem to be some more details.

Also Japanese research on flies as a mechanical vector for bird flu was done.

May be later I - or someone else - can look for the previous thread(s)on this subject in order to get the information on flies and bird flu together
.

Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Results of the research into the fly that came from poultry livestock breeding that was infected by the bird flu virus proved, the fly could then spread the bird flu virus.

Therefore, very important maintained the cleanliness of the environment and the personal cleanliness, especially washing the hands, said the researcher of the bird flu virus from the Gadjah University- (UGM) Prof drh R Wasito MSc PhD to Reform, on Wednesday (21/9).

According to him, results of the research that the implementation in 2005 together Prof drh Hastari Wuryastuti MSc PhD and the virus expert from the United States Prof Roger K Maes proved, the bird flu virus was not only spread the poultry.

The fly then became the bearer (the career) the bird flu virus.

He explained, totalling 100 milligram the fly (around six tails) that was examined and came from six locations, with the inspection reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive bird flu sub the type H5N1.

The sample of the fly came from poultry livestock breeding that was infected by the bird flu virus in the South Sulawesi province.

The sample was received from the Besar Veteriner Hall in Maros, South Sulawesi. The research aimed at knowing the dynamics of the spreading of the bird flu virus.

The sample of the fly that was researched also there are those that came from Tuban, East Java and Karanganyar, Central Java.

Results of the RT PCR inspection, the sample of the fly from Tuban and the Besar Veteriner Maros Hall positive bird flu.

Through Mucus

According to Wasito, former Director General Peternakan Departemen of Agriculture, although the fly brought the bird flu virus, and when the fly alighted to food and afterwards humankind swallowed the food, he said, the bird flu virus did not spread to humankind through food but spread through the mucus (the gland) the respiratory tract.

If the hands touched objects that were descended on by the fly of the bearer of the bird flu virus, afterwards the hands were not washed clean and held the nose then this that could spread the bird flu virus to humankind.
So in fact ate chicken, the safe chicken egg.

Uptil now the person who died because of the infection of the bird flu virus not because of eating the chicken or eating the egg, he said.

A fly, he revealed, could fly to the best of 20 kilometre.
A pair of fly (female and male) in the time three to five months could produce trillions of new flies.

Time to change from the fly egg to the fly just took up time three to five days.

Results of the positive fly research brought this bird flu virus will be followed up to know whether the available bird flu virus to the fly was the same as the available bird flu virus in Hong Kong, and the other country.

Also to know whether the fly as the intermediary (the vector) mechanics (the virus adhered to the fly and the fly to was sick), and whether the bird flu virus bred on the fly body.

Results of this research were not yet sent by me to the Department of Agriculture because still took place.

The research into the fly will be developed to the other area, like to North Sumatra.

Now that must be paid attention to was to maintain the cleanliness of the environment, and the community should not panic, said Wasito.

http://neiramedic.blogspot.com/2008/07/lalat-bisa-sebarkan-virus-flu.html

Original source: http://www.suarapembaruan.com/News/2005/09/21/Utama/ut01.htm

september 21, 2005
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

how much percent of flu-spread is done by flies ?
how much would flu-decline if there were no insects ?

sadly the authors don't estimate these important
questions, which would give a better understanding to the
quick reader.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

I looked for studies on roaches and haven't found any yet.

A few of my tenants have taught me how easy it is for some people to live with huge roach infestations, as well as mice. Time and again, I see complaints about rodents and roaches in articles from other countries.

Roaches can travel long distances hidden away in appliances, food (potato sacks), clothes.. anything with a small place to hide.

With an estimated 25% of those infected with bird flu having had no contact with poultry, I would think more researchers would be interested in finding out where the infection came from.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

or ants or (feather-)mites

can't be so difficult to test this in a lab
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

<TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD class=tintop_title vAlign=top align=left>Farmers raise storks to kill flies:oops: </TD></TR><TR><TD class=news_date vAlign=top align=left height=20>10:45' 08/07/2008 (GMT+7) </TD></TR><TR><TD class=text vAlign=top align=left>
VietNamNet Bridge - Animal farmers in the Cuu Long (Mekong) Delta province of Tien Giang are taking an environmentally-friendly approach to eradicating flies. They are raising storks.
The birds are domesticated and kept in pig and cow farms so as to eat up flies and other insects.
Ho Van Truong, a resident of Cho Gao District, said his 3ha farm, where he has five cows, 70 pigs, and some goats, chickens, and ducks, are almost free of insects, thanks to his three white storks that eat even lice and fleas.
"Storks have large appetites and digest their food quickly.
"They help clean up the environment and increase productivity as cattle and poultry do not lose blood or contract diseases.":surrender:
The farmers fasten the stork by tying one of its legs to a small stone, and place a bowl of water beside it to drink. Rotten fish is used as a bait to attract flies to the vicinity of the stork.
A few days later the stork is set free after a joint on its wing is removed to prevent it from flying away. It then patrols the farm, gobbling up any insect with the misfortune to catch its eye.:tiphat: http://english.vietnamnet.vn/social/2008/07/792538/
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

wow...i've noticed a more sarcastic and almost bullying response from a few people on this site...i hate to see that...i loved this site...now, i'm afraid i'm not going to stay any longer...i would be too afraid to ask questions or make comments for fear of being ridiculed...

thank you for all of the information i've gotten over the past months...take care...God bless...
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Houseflies and their kin, blue bottles (carrion flies) live about 3-4 weeks. Each female lays a maximum of 900 eggs, only half of which can lay eggs. Thus, the maximum production of two flies in 3 months is billions, not trillions (still a respectably large number, however). Flies travel in a randomized pattern in search of food, a few miles typically, although a very small number can travel 5-10 miles.

While there is a bit of exaggeration in this article, it still is worth considering as a local vector in a variety of settings, village to mega-urban.

Why? Chickens sh*t, a lot. Whether commerical or backyard, most owners do not clean up chicken manure. These droppings are a potent source of viral particles for a period of weeks, <i> even for asymptomatic poultry</i>.

Chicken manure is used as a soil amendment, but it is rarely conditioned properly, to kill of pathogens.

Flies, rats, cockroaches, all love chicken manure as a food supply.

It is impossible to estimate the fly contribution to H5N1 spread. It is not possible to remove insects from the the environment, and it wouldn't do diddlydoosquatolla to reduce the odds of poultry infection, because there are other vectors present that contribute to virus transport and distribution to susceptible flocks nearby.

A stunning and remarkable fact is this: cats and pigs have been found to carry H5N1 silently, too. Although the surveys that demonstrated mammalian species carrying HPAI were limited, they should raise major alarm signals, because in each case, a significant subset of domestic animals tested were positive for the virus in Indonesia.

That's second base. <i> Feline influenza infection has NEVER been reported until very, very recently. Canine influenza, although reported historically was at best episodic. It is now endemic globally in the canine population. </i>

Hint: what is the connection between Coronavirus and Influenza virus??
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

not "impossible to estimate". It has been done. It could be little
reliable, not much useful, though.
But once those authors publish the articles and
journals accept it, they must have a silent estimate of its
importance. This estimate is clearly better than what reporters
make from these stories with sensational headlines.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

it should be possible to reduce the flies significantly or
keep them out.
If they are spreaders (contribute ~20% or more) this should help
and could be worth the cost.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

wow...i've noticed a more sarcastic and almost bullying response from a few people on this site...i hate to see that...i loved this site...now, i'm afraid i'm not going to stay any longer...i would be too afraid to ask questions or make comments for fear of being ridiculed...

thank you for all of the information i've gotten over the past months...take care...God bless...

I am afraid to hear from you of these sarcastic comments. Notwithstanding, individual behaviour cannot be mistaken as a forum habit.
I can assure you that every contribute to discussion at FT is valuable for itself, testimony of an interest, a commitment in better understandig a field - the influenza and other emerging diseases spread around the world - sometimes hard to explain in plain words especially in mainstream media sources.
Thus, if one of the reply of someone may be appeared to you as offensive I can only apologize for this and renew the welcome of everyone at FT.
I hope you will return at FT discussion in the near future.:oops:
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Experts identify genes for bird flu replication

HONG KONG (Reuters) -

Scientists have identified around 100 genes that the H5N1 bird flu virus needs in a host in order to replicate, and this finding may help in the hunt for ways to block its proliferation.

"All viruses rely on host cell proteins and their associated mechanisms to complete the viral life cycle. Identifying the host molecules that participate in each step of virus replication could provide valuable new targets for antiviral therapy," they wrote in the latest edition of Nature magazine.

In their study, the experts from Japan, Indonesia and the United States infected fruit fly cells with genetically altered H5N1 virus.

The H5N1 virus needed slight modifications because fruit flies are normally not susceptible to influenza.

The experts also chose the fruit fly because it has a relatively small number of genes -- 14,000 -- making it easier for scientists to study.

"We found genes (proteins) that are important for influenza virus replication. We identified about 100 genes," said Yoshihiro Kawaoka, a leading virologist and bird flu expert at the University of Tokyo in Japan.

Of these, at least three existed in human cells.

"We took three and tested them and they were important for flu virus replication (in humans)," he told Reuters.

"I presume that many of the other genes we identified are also important for influenza virus replication in humans."

Next, the team wants to zero in on host proteins that the H5N1 needs to bind to in order to replicate.

"If you could inhibit (block) the interaction between those (host) proteins and influenza virus proteins, you can inhibit virus replication. This can be a target for development of new drugs," Kawaoka said.

Although the H5N1 remains mainly a disease among birds, it has killed 243 of the 385 people it has infected since 2003.

Experts have warned for years now that it can trigger a pandemic killing millions of people if it ever becomes easily transmitted among humans.

Worse, it has also shown signs of developing resistance to the few available treatments.

(Reporting by Tan Ee Lyn; Editing by David Fox)
-
http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20080709/hl_nm/birdflu_spread_dc_1;_ylt=AiIMIENWATRsgavedKvZCyuTvyIi
-----
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

now we can create flu-resistant humans
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

A stunning and remarkable fact is this: cats and pigs have been found to carry H5N1 silently, too. Although the surveys that demonstrated mammalian species carrying HPAI were limited, they should raise major alarm signals, because in each case, a significant subset of domestic animals tested were positive for the virus in Indonesia.

That's second base. <i> Feline influenza infection has NEVER been reported until very, very recently. Canine influenza, although reported historically was at best episodic. It is now endemic globally in the canine population. </i>

Hint: what is the connection between Coronavirus and Influenza virus??


Form Wikipedia on Coronovirus:

"Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds.

Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant percentage of all common colds in human adults.

Coronaviruses also cause a range of diseases in farm animals and domesticated pets, some of which can be serious and are a threat to the farming industry.

There are two types of canine coronavirus (CCoV), one that causes mild gastrointestinal disease and one that has been found to cause respiratory disease."

So that's the condition we've been waiting for - a high prevalence of 2 viral diseases in a common host where the lethality of one virus can combine with the high transmissibilty (upper respiratory tract) of the other.

No need for pigs.

J.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Flu-infected fly cells reveal dependencies of the virus

MADISON --

By giving fly cells the flu, scientists have identified scores of host genes the pathogen requires for successful infection, revealing a raft of potential new pressure points to thwart the virus.

Writing in this week's issue of the journal Nature, a team of researchers led by Yoshihiro Kawaoka and Paul Ahlquist of the University of Wisconsin-Madison describe experiments testing the ability of a modified flu virus to infect cells whose genes were systematically disabled to see which were co-opted by the virus.

The new study is important because it demonstrates a rapid-fire technique for identifying host factors such as proteins and carbohydrates that a virus commandeers to successfully infect a cell.

By exposing the virus's dependencies, the Wisconsin team has uncovered a target-rich environment for influenza drug developers.

Although the work was done in cells of the redoubtable fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster, most of the genes have mammalian analogs and initial tests in human cells of three of the 100 genes identified confirmed that all three are necessary for the virus to successfully make copies of itself to promote infection.

"The genes we identified in mammalian cells are very specific for influenza viruses," says Kawaoka, a professor of pathobiological sciences at the UW-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine and a renowned flu expert.

"Now we know influenza viruses are using specific host proteins so those become targets for drug development."

All viruses depend on host cells to provide the resources that enable successful infection. "Viral infection is like classic guerilla warfare. A major source of the virus's resources is the enemy ? the host cell," explains Ahlquist, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at UW-Madison.

"All the steps in viral infection require host factors. The question is what are they and what do they do?"

By working in fly cells, the Wisconsin team was able to deploy a technique to rapidly and selectively silence thousands of genes to see which were used by the flu virus. Screening a library of some 13,000 genes, the group identified more than 100 whose suppression in fly cells hindered the virus's ability to successfully take over the cell and make new viruses.

To assess relevance to human cells, the group disabled three genes in human cells that corresponded to key genes found in the fly cell screen and discovered that strains of avian flu, including the worrisome H5N1 strain, needed all of those genes to successfully reproduce.

"All of the evidence is that this is a high-value set of genes for testing in mammalian cells," says Ahlquist. "It has implications for virology and control."

The new study reveals a powerful new way to search for antiviral pressure points. In the case of influenza, the need for new antiviral drugs is acute as there are only a few and they are considered a first line of defense against pandemic flu. There is also gathering evidence that virulent flu strains such as H5N1 are developing resistance to the drugs that are currently available.

The new Wisconsin study involved modifying a flu virus by adding a protein borrowed from a virus that normally infects flies, something ordinary flu is unable to do. "We changed the surface of the virus so it could bind to the surface of a drosophila cell and get in," Kawaoka explains, noting that the altered virus is unable to complete its life cycle in the fly cell. "The virus does not get out of the cell."

Both Ahlquist and Kawaoka say that the new system has potential application beyond studies of influenza and could help speed the development of antiviral drugs for many diseases, including AIDS.

###
Other authors of the new study include Linhui Hao, Akira Sakurai, Tokiko Watanabe, Ericka Sorensen and Michael A. Newton, all of UW-Madison; and Chairul A. Nidom of the Tropical Diseases Center, Airlangga University, Indonesia. The research was funded by grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

-- Terry Devitt, (608) 262-8282, trdevitt@wisc.edu

CONTACT: Yoshihiro Kawaoka, (608) 265-4925, kawaokay@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu; Paul Ahlquist, (608) 263-5916, ahlquist@wisc.edu

-
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-07/uow-ffc070708.php
------
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Not bad, Cartski.

Coronavirus and influenza coinfection has been reported in a number of species that are zoonotic viral hosts. However, recombination between them isn't likely.

Both virus types are prone to homologous recombination events in susceptible hosts.

It's the commonality in causal pattern we're after here.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

Not bad, Cartski.

Coronavirus and influenza coinfection has been reported in a number of species that are zoonotic viral hosts. However, recombination between them isn't likely.

Both virus types are prone to homologous recombination events in susceptible hosts.

It's the commonality in causal pattern we're after here.

So we're at third base with canine and feline influenza as shown by the high prevalence.

So we're looking for the analogous story of coronovirus in Civets making the home run to SARS-CoV; in particular, that last dash from third to home plate.

If I remember correctly, the Dr. who threw up in front of the elevator in the Chinese hospital, who subsequently died, and whose vomit remnants may have been the start to the SARS spread, had been attending one patient, from a similar background to other patients the Dr. had attended in the field. A farmer.

So who would most likely be scratched, bitten or dominated by felines or canines?

A child.
 
Re: Indonesia: Flies can spread (Bird) Flu Virus

...........Hint: what is the connection between Coronavirus and Influenza virus??

HPAI has a polybasic cleavage site, while some coronavirus [specifically - murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)], don't have polybasic cleavage sites, coronaviruses may use multiple pathways for entry, thereby accomplishing the same activity that is referenced as highly pathogenic.

One discussion of cleavage and various entry methods of MHV is at
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1472567

.
 
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