Indonesia: 2011 Diphtheria outbreaks

[Shiloh]

Source: http://dutamasyarakat.com/artikel-33073-penyakit-difteri-kembali-mengancam.html

Google translation:

Diphtheria re-threatening disease

AMBASSADOR SOCIETY, January 4, 2011
SURABAYA-proven diphtheria disease is still a threat to society. In the past week, Ward (Irna) Children Hospital Soetomo treat six patients with diphtheria. One of them died.

Prevention against diphtheria disease itself had long been done by the government through the provision of DPT immunization. But lately, the number of people with diphtheria in children showed a tendency to increase.

"There are many possibilities that could be the trigger. One of them incomplete immunization, "said Chief Hospital Children Irna Soetomo, Prof. Dr. Dr. Boerhan Hidajat SpA (K), Monday (3 / 1).

Indeed, compared to other diseases that often attack children such as diarrhea and dengue fever, diphtheria number of people with not too much. However, the number of patients who are likely to increase should be wary of.

According Boerhan, most of diphtheria patients hospitalized in Irna Child is now a patient referral. Especially from the horseshoe area. Even worse, some patients who were treated diphtheria are also suffering from morbili or measles.

Parties Irna Children Hospital Soetomo own a little overwhelmed to handle this diphtheria patients. Because this disease should be placed in isolation so as not to infect other patients. In fact, isolation capacity at Irna Children only five beds. "As a referral hospital, we could not refuse patients who are referred to here," said Boerhan.

In anticipation of insufficient capacity, said Boerhan diphtheria patients will be placed in special isolation rooms. During this time, the room is used to treat patients as well as avian flu. Boerhan admitted that he had worked with nurses who served in a special isolation room. "We have coordinated with other patients and can put patients diphtheria there," said Boerhan.

Diphtheria is a bacterial infectious disease caused by C. diphtheriae. In the past, these diseases cause thousands of deaths. People who survived the diphtheria suffered paralysis of certain muscles and permanent damage to the heart and kidneys. Children 1-10 years old are very susceptible to this disease.

 

[Shiloh]

Re: Indonesia: 2011 Diptheria outbreaks

Re: Indonesia: 2011 Diptheria outbreaks

Source: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/...-diphtheria-epidemic-govt-sends-vaccines.html

E. Java ravaged by diphtheria epidemic, govt sends vaccines
Elly Burhaini Faizal, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Wed, 10/12/2011 7:26 AM


The government is delivering diphtheria vaccines to prevent further spread of the deadly respiratory infection, as the governor of East Java has officially declared an extraordinary situation (KLB) in the province due to the epidemic...

 

[Shiloh]

Re: Indonesia: 2011 Diphtheria outbreaks

Source: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/...igious-beliefs-hinder-vaccination-e-java.html

Govt says religious beliefs hinder vaccination in E. Java
Elly Burhaini Faizal, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Sat, 10/15/2011 8:09 AM

The government has blamed parents? reluctance to get their children vaccinated for the recent diphtheria outbreak in East Java, with many religious communities in the province still questioning whether the anti diphtheritic vaccine is halal, or allowed according to Islam.

Edi Purwinarto, assistant for people?s welfare affairs at the East Java provincial administration, said on Friday that local communities living in some small areas in the province were still somewhat reluctant to give their newborns a complete basic vaccination...

...East Java Governor Soekarwo declared an extraordinary situation (KLB) on Sunday for diphtheria in all parts of the province. The provincial administration said that as of Oct. 14, diphtheria incidents had reached 352 cases with 11 deaths, not 328 deaths as reported earlier by several media outlets...

 

[Shiloh]

Re: Indonesia: 2011 Diphtheria outbreaks

Source: http://www.jpnn.com/read/2011/10/28/106865/Martapura-KLB-Difteri-


Jum'at, 28 Oktober 2011 , 12:13:00
Martapura KLB Difteri

Google translation:

Friday, October 28, 2011, 12:13:00
Diphtheria outbreaks Martapura

Martapura - Disease Diphtheria re-emerged in the City Martapura, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan. Three students of Darul ma'rifah Madarasah Ibtidayah Sekumpul on Jl Education Martapura positive result of contracting the bacteria that comes from Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Head of Disease Control & Environmental Health Office Banjar Regency, dr H Eko Subianto as confirmed Radar Banjarmasin BSc (JPNN Group), Thursday (27/10) said the case appeared last October 11, 2011. One student of Darul MI ma'rifah Sekumpul Martapura he had rushed to Hospital Ulin Banjarmasin. Meanwhile, two other students identified carriers.

Accompanied Surveillance, Nurjanah SKM Kes, Eko stated when this case emerged last week conducted a series of handling it immediately began surveillance mapping, examination of the specimen contact, identification, specimen cultures, treatment and evaluation.

Unfortunately Chairman of the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI) Banjar Regency is reluctant to mention the identity of a child suffering from diphtheria. "Essentially all the systems we run. It was indeed an outbreak, but only one case, the other two carriers Based on the results of laboratory tests of 15 samples that we are careful," he said.

Nevertheless, one student who was treated in hospital are now cured. While two other students had not even had time to be isolated in hospital.

"Two students are not just carriers, this child does not feel the pain but we treat the direct and isolated. Thirdly we are still monitoring and evaluation until next week," he said.

Last Monday it was also directly perform the advent of school immunizations this case.

Based on data from Banjar District Health Office, this case never appeared on 2003di Sub-Aluh Aluh. One person tested positive for diphtheria. A similar case was later re-emerged in 2005. From one case that appeared at that time in Martapura Education Jl. In that year also noted one person died.

Diphtheria is a terrible disease that has caused thousands of deaths, and are still endemic in areas of the world that have not been developed. Survivors of this disease suffer from paralysis of certain muscles and permanent damage to the heart and kidneys. Children aged one to ten years are very susceptible to this disease.

Diphtheria germ is spread by inhaling the liquid from the mouth or nose of infected people, from the fingers or towels are contaminated, and contaminated milk from the patient.

According to Eko, clinical symptoms for children who are suffering from diphtheria include high body temperature, hoarseness, difficulty breathing.

Interestingly, it admitted there was no budget for the handling of this case. "This is our initiative to prevent the spread of diphtheria. But we will propose this to a provincial meeting this afternoon (yesterday, red) happened to be meeting about the handling of this diphtheria outbreak in Banjarmasin," he concluded. (Bem)

 

[Pathfinder]

Re: Indonesia: 2011 Diphtheria outbreaks

Translation (Google)

Malignancy Against Diphtheria
Monday, 31 October 2011 09:02
Malignancy Against Diphtheria
By: Kuntaman

Widespread outbreaks of diphtheria in the major cities in East Java is very alarming and cause panic. East Java Governor Soekarwo immediately take steps to anticipate by stating the status of an outbreak. The panic is certainly no basis. Therefore, it is suspected diphtheria 50-10 percent of sufferers are not helped and died. Whether due to breathing difficulties and other reasons, such as cardiac complications or internal organs.

Most children get vaccinated diphtheria Indonesia since the age of ages 2, 4, and 6 months, and -1.5 booster after 1 year and 4-6 years later.

So why is still a plague? Vaccination causes a child's body produces antibodies to fight the diphtheria germs attack, and the strength of the antibody was determined by the physical condition and endurance of the child. The results were not optimal in children who experience impaired immune response and this can be known through the test to find out how much immunity to diphtheria. Strength decreases as denagn antibodies over time and cause people to become vulnerable to infection. Giving an immune booster will increase again.

Diphtheria is a disease that mostly strikes children and caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bacteria found in 1883 that is easily spread and settled through the nose and throat mucous membranes, especially in children under five and over 60 years of age.

The toxin produces damage mucosal cells and cell necrosis. Damage usually starts from the outer surface of the cell membrane that is characterized by the occurrence of red to gray discoloration. Gray surface is called a pseudomembrane that can not be cleaned by removing them. This situation is very different from other causes of infection by bacteria which easily removed by removing it.

So, the parents who found her son complained of pain while swallowing accompanied by increased body temperature, try to look at his throat. If the picture looks gray-colored membrane, immediately taken to the doctor because there is the possibility of an attack of diphtheria. If the membrane can not be cleaned and even bleed when cleaning fresh, very likely an infection of diphtheria.

Early symptoms of diphtheria attack is heat or chills, sore throat complain, especially when swallowing, and slightly rough or hoarse voice. As the worsening situation, toxins produced by diphtheria bacteria into the bloodstream, and then attacked the glands around the neck.

When more severe, an interruption in the deeper organs, such as heart and kidney. It is not impossible it causes paralysis of the heart and kidney malfunction.

Further due to the nervous system disorder that causes paralysis of parts of the body being attacked. Patients can be difficult to swallow, sight and speech impaired, even hard to breathe due to paralysis of the nerves of the diaphragm.

Diphtheria transmission occurs primarily through the air, ie sneezing, coughing, and through drinking utensils. Therefore, patients should be isolated so that healing is easy, fast, and prevent further spread to other children.

The spread can be through the nose, throat, conjunctivitis, and injuries to the skin of patients with diphtheria. Therefore, the habit of sneezing or coughing by covering your nose and mouth are very beneficial in order to prevent the spread of disease. The habit of washing hands with soap or antiseptic materials are much better at inhibiting the spread of bacteria rather than rubbing hands with alcohol alone.

Prevention of diphtheria is important because the complications of the disease is not easily overcome in a short time, especially if you attack the heart and kidneys.

The vaccine, which is currently a standard reference, is still the main weapon for mencega diphtheria. Unfortunately, this vaccine has not been able to clean the carriers of diphtheria bacteria, so the risk of transmission remains.

This disease can appear 1-6 days after exposure to bacteria. In addition, each carrier of bacteria capable of spreading the disease to one month, although not sick. Therefore, screening for the presence of diphtheria bacteria in all family members are exposed by people with diphtheria is very necessary. Community can go to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory or consult with local physicians to get information where to do the screening.

When to go to the doctor? That is, when there are family members stricken with diphtheria-like symptoms, patients exposed to diphtheria, or any family member who is very risky because it has not been vaccinated.

Vigilance necessary, especially when there is an outbreak. This is because the diphtheria carrier (carrier) is all around us. Usually if found five cases of diphtheria, there could have been 95 people who become carriers of the bacteria most likely to spread to others. If a patient gets treatment, the risk of transmission becomes shorter.

The main drugs are antibiotics diphtheria. However, people who eat them too often make the germs resistant to the drug. Penicillin and erythromycin is still the antibiotic of choice, both as a preventive antibiotic therapy for patients carriers of bacteria and infection. Several other antibiotics can be used, such as clindamycin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination.

Treatment for 14 days can usually be overcome and clean-causing bacteria. After antibiotics, vaccination passive form of direct antibody needs to be given. The goal is to fight the toxins in the body that has not worked. Toxins that have worked or attach to human cells difficult to resist

The public should also know the antidote to emerge and spread of diphtheria. If the child's body temperature rises or fever accompanied by sore throat or painful swallowing, take it immediately to the doctor. Immediately separate the child from the patient healthy.

People exposed to diphtheria patient is the source of disease transmitters, and must immediately went to the doctor. Fulfillment of nutrition is very crucial to speed healing.

Professor of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Airlangga / Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya - Hospitals University Press

http://www.radarjogja.co.id/ruang-publik/10-opini/22974-melawan-keganasan-difteri.html

 

[Shiloh]

Re: Indonesia: 2011 Diphtheria outbreaks

Source: http://www.mediaindonesia.com/read/2011/12/16/284649/289/101/Kabupaten-Sumenep-KLB-Difteri

Google translation:

Diphtheria outbreaks Sumenep
Authors: Muhammad Gozi
Friday, December 16, 2011 14:44 pm

Sumenep - MICOM: The case of diphtheria in Sumenep declared the outbreaks (outbreaks). This is done after the re-discovered two new cases of dangerous and infectious diseases it.

"Until last month it reached 21 cases, and this month again found two cases that we declare as an extraordinary event," said Regent Sumenep, East Java, Abuya Busyro Karim, Friday (16/12).

With the determination of that status, he said, Sumenep Government will bear the cost of all forms of treatment and prevention. He also ordered the health department (Dinkes) local report any developments handling the case.

Regent explained, based on reports received, two new cases that are currently in intensive care in hospital. Unfortunately, both are still a secret identity.

Meanwhile, Head of Health Office of Sumenep, Jetty Nurdiah Ningrum, explained that they are conducting a second medical treatment of patients.

"Besides, we also examined the family and the people who make the last contact with them to anticipate the transmission," said Jetty.

Based on data in Sumenep Health Office, this year found as many as 23 cases of diphtheria. Two patients of them died, the patient origin and Arjasa Trunk Trunk District. (MG/OL-10)