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India: 12-year-old boy dies of Nipah virus infection in Kozhikode, central team rushed to Kerala - 11 symptomatic contacts

Shiloh

Shiloh

Editor, Senior Moderator
Source: https://zeenews.india.com/india/12-...-infection-in-kerala-s-kozhikode-2391317.html

12-year-old boy dies of Nipah virus infection in Kozhikode, central team rushed to Kerala

Kerala Health Minister Veena George informed on Sunday that a 12-year-old boy in Kerala dies of Nipah virus infection. The health minister has left for Kozhikode to take stock of the situation.
12-year-old boy dies of Nipah virus infection in Kozhikode, central team rushed to Kerala.

New Delhi: A 12-year-old boy, who was admitted to a hospital in Kerala's Kozhikode with symptoms similar to those of Nipah virus infection, died on Sunday (September 5, 2021) morning after undergoing treatment at a private hospital.

Kerala Health Minister Veena George informed on Sunday that a 12-year-old boy in Kerala dies of Nipah virus infection. The health minister is going to Kozhikode today to take stock of the situation. "Till now, no one from the family or other contacts of the 12-year-old has any symptoms. I am going to Kozhikode today, I will be joined by minister PA Mohammed Riyas," said Kerala Health Minister Veena George...
 
Source: https://www.thehindubusinessline.co...ar-old-dies/article36300449.ece?homepage=true


Nipah virus: Healthcare staff, high-risk contacts hospitalised
Our Bureau Thiruvananthapuram |
Updated on September 05, 2021

In Nipah virus-hit Kerala, two healthcare workers being kept under observation have developed what are thought to be symptoms of the infection and have been admitted into the special ward at the Government Medical College in Kozhikode city. Twenty other ‘high-risk’ contacts are in the same ward. ..
 
Source: https://www.newindianexpress.com/st...pal-labwith-nipah-source-unknown-2355229.html


Samples from Kerala to be sent to Bhopal lab with Nipah source unknown
With 38 persons hospitalised on the suspicion of Nipah infection, which claimed the life of a 12-year-old boy here, the source of the virus remains unknown puzzling the health experts.
telegram_share
Published: 07th September 2021 04:02 AM | Last Updated: 07th September 2021 04:02 AM | A+A A-
By Express News Service

KOZHIKODE: With 38 persons hospitalised on the suspicion of Nipah infection, which claimed the life of a 12-year-old boy here, the source of the virus remains unknown puzzling the health experts. In a bid to trace the source, which is very important to contain the virus spread, different teams of experts including from the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) are working to identify the same as early as possible. The state health department is likely to field more experts for the task.

On the second consecutive day, an NCDC team led by Dr P Raveendran visited Chathamangalam where the virus infection was reported, and collected swab samples of goats at the victim’s house and droppings of bats in the surroundings. Further, samples of rambutan, which was suspected to be eaten by the victim, and domestic animals and wild pigs were also taken. Officials with state animal husbandry department and forest department were also in the field to collect the samples. The samples will be sent to the National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, for testing.

Further, health authorities are checking recent deaths of people in the region who had symptoms similar to that of Nipah to ascertain whether the 12-year-old boy had been infected from others or not...
 
Source: https://sg.news.yahoo.com/kerala-68-people-under-isolation-095008546.html

Kerala: 68 people under isolation for Nipah virus
ANI
Wed, 8 September 2021, 5:50 am

Kozhikode (Kerala) [India], September 8 (ANI): A total of 68 people are under isolation for Nipah virus in Government Medical College in Kozhikode district of Kerala, said Kerala Health Minister Veena George on Wednesday.

Further, she informed that all the patients are stable...

...The minister also informed that of the samples collected from people listed during contact tracing of the Nipah virus victim, 30 have tested negative so far...
 
The article also claims 44 other people in the area were found with fever, but we not tested as they were not contacts of the confirmed case. There's clearly something else circulating in the community here as well, perhaps COVID, although the confirmed Nipah case apparently tested negative for COVID multiple times.

Nipah virus: 36 more contacts test negative in Kozhikode | Kozhikode News - Times of India (indiatimes.com)

[snip]

The health department has added eight more persons to the contact list of the boy, taking the total number of contacts to 265 of which 62 are in the high-risk category. They were admitted to the special Nipah ward set up at Kozhikode medical college. Among the high-risk contacts, 12 are mildly symptomatic but also stable.
 
Mangaluru: DC Dr K V Rajendra urges public not to panic over Nipah virus

Mangaluru, Sep 14: Deputy commissioner (DC) Dr K V Rajendra urged public not to panic regarding Nipah virus in the district.

Addressing media on Tuesday September 14, he said, “It is said that a Karwar-based microbiologist, who works in Goa, self-reported suspicion of being infected with Nipah virus. His sample was sent to National Institute of Virology, Pune on Monday. Result is awaited. He has been isolated.

“He works where RT-PCR kits are prepared. He had fever and headache after he got drenched in rain. Under anxiety, he searched in Google and with the phobia, he got himself admitted at Manipal and then later he was shifted to Wenlock. The district administration cannot neglect when oneself gets admitted to the hospital. Hence, we sent his sample and the report awaited. He had no symptoms or direct contact. Any kind of SOP breach was not reported,” he said.

snip

https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=873213

------------------------------------------------

Okieman Comment: I have seen a number of articles concerning this. This is the only one I have seen that mentions him being a microbiologist. Most of them seem to play down the chance that this is anything. That said,....they did test him and send off the sample. It may just be an incident of the "worried well", which I suspect we all have some experience with by now in this pandemic. But, there is a part of me that wonders "If this is loose, will they tell anyone? And if it is loose, what is the consequence of everyone knowing it is loose?" So, I sincerely hope this is just someone that is over concerned and they are being extra careful by testing him.
 
Okieman said:
Mangaluru: DC Dr K V Rajendra urges public not to panic over Nipah virus

Mangaluru, Sep 14: Deputy commissioner (DC) Dr K V Rajendra urged public not to panic regarding Nipah virus in the district.

Addressing media on Tuesday September 14, he said, “It is said that a Karwar-based microbiologist, who works in Goa, self-reported suspicion of being infected with Nipah virus. His sample was sent to National Institute of Virology, Pune on Monday. Result is awaited. He has been isolated.

“He works where RT-PCR kits are prepared. He had fever and headache after he got drenched in rain. Under anxiety, he searched in Google and with the phobia, he got himself admitted at Manipal and then later he was shifted to Wenlock. The district administration cannot neglect when oneself gets admitted to the hospital. Hence, we sent his sample and the report awaited. He had no symptoms or direct contact. Any kind of SOP breach was not reported,” he said.

snip

https://www.daijiworld.com/news/news...?newsID=873213

------------------------------------------------

Okieman Comment: I have seen a number of articles concerning this. This is the only one I have seen that mentions him being a microbiologist. Most of them seem to play down the chance that this is anything. That said,....they did test him and send off the sample. It may just be an incident of the "worried well", which I suspect we all have some experience with by now in this pandemic. But, there is a part of me that wonders "If this is loose, will they tell anyone? And if it is loose, what is the consequence of everyone knowing it is loose?" So, I sincerely hope this is just someone that is over concerned and they are being extra careful by testing him.
Click to expand...

Working "where the kits are prepared" should not run any risk of exposing him to live virus. PCR test kits should not contain any actual virus, especially ones that have not been used yet. I would assume his symptoms are due to some other cause.

I am a bit confused in this entire thread by the large number of people with fairly direct exposure, including both parents of the confirmed case, who were reported as symptomatic but tested negative. Is the testing regime here messed up? Are we getting false negatives due to some kind of treatment (what?) or is some other pathogen in play here that is causing other symptoms? I read at least one article suggesting the fatal confirmed case had previously contracted and recovered from COVID.

Or is all of this just a precautionary measure, and anything out of the ordinary is being reported as a "symptom" because we are dealing with a virus with perhaps a 70% CFR?
 
Okieman Comment: The article below is about the same individual mention in the article immediately above. This one indicates that they are taking it serious enough to isolate his family members and do contact tracing.

--------------------------------------

Nipah suspected in patient in Mangaluru, samples sent for test
A person being treated at a hospital in Mangaluru is suspected to have the Nipah infection and his samples have been sent for test
Published: 14 Sep 2021, 2:30 PM

snip

Dakshina Kannada Deputy Commissioner Dr K V Rajendra told reporters here Tuesday that it was only a suspected case, but cannot be neglected. The person is a native of Karwar and is working at Goa in an RT-PCR test kit manufacturing unit, he said.

The DC said his samples are sent for test to National Institute of Virology (NIV) in Pune and the result is awaited. The person's family members have been kept in isolation. The patient had not shown severe symptoms till the sample was sent for testing on Monday, he said.

The primary contacts of the person have been traced and detected. The district administrations of Udupi and Karwar are also alerted on the matter, Rajendra said.

https://www.nationalheraldindia.com...in-patient-in-mangaluru-samples-sent-for-test
 
Girl with Nipah symptoms dies
KANNUR, SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 22:49 IST
UPDATED: SEPTEMBER 16, 2021 22:49 IS

Samples collected from a five-year-old girl, who died with suspected symptoms of Nipah in a private hospital in Kannur on Thursday, have been sent for further examination to labs in Kozhikode and Pune.

The child, a native of Chengala panchayat in Kasaragod, was admitted with high fever at a private hospital in Kannur on Wednesday morning.

However, she died by evening showed suspected symptoms of Nipah infection. Her samples were later collected and sent to the labs.

snip

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/girl-with-nipah-symptoms-dies/article36504390.ece
 
Kasargod: Death of boy - Nipah virus suspicion, swabs sent, vaccine programme cancelled
Fri, Sep 17 2021 11:17:44 AM

Kasargod, Sep 17: The throat swab samples of a five-year-old boy from within Chengala gram panchayat limits who died due to fever, has been sent to laboratories for testing.

This step was taken as there was suspicion that the boy displayed certain symptoms of Nipah infection. The samples were sent to the laboratories at Kozhikode and Pune. The Covid test report of the boy was negative. The officials said they expect to receive the reports in two days.

Chengala health inspector, Rajesh, said that the ambitious Covid vaccination programme within the said gram panchayat limits has been put on hold. He also stated that all the programmes in which people come together have been banned within the gram panchayat limits till the test report result is received.

https://daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=874301
 
Okieman Comment: Please notice that the two cases reported up above are from the same location. It could be that the two cases are really one and they just got the gender confused in one of the articles. Both cases are the same age and in the same geographic location.
 
Okieman Comment: Just found this article. Apparently the little girl died of encephalitis. The news site will not allow copying and pasting of text. If that is the case then the death of the little boy may also be encephalitis. Tragic regardless.

------------------------

Girl who died of Nipah-like symptoms in Kasaragod turns -ve in preliminary test The girl died in a private hospital in Kannur on Wednesday at around 7...

https://english.mathrubhumi.com/new...test-nipah-virus-outbreak-in-kerala-1.6010074
 
Source: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/nipah-virus-disease---india


Nipah virus disease - India
24 September 2021


On 4 September 2021, the Kerala State Health department reported an isolated case of Nipah virus disease in Kozhikode district, Kerala state, India. Nipah has a relatively high case fatality ratio, and is an emerging zoonotic disease of public health importance in the South East Asia and Western Pacific WHO Regions. This is the fifth outbreak of the disease in India.
On 29 August, a 12 year-old boy developed low grade fever, and the family sought care at a local health care facility. On 31 August, he was transferred to several hospitals as his condition deteriorated. On 1 September, the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate, and the family requested his transfer to another hospital in Kozhikode.
On 3 September, plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples were sent to the National Institute of Virology in Pune, India. On 4 September, the presence of Nipah virus in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and IgM antibodies was confirmed in the plasma sample by ELISA serology test. On 5 September, the patient died and a safe burial and cremation were performed the same day in Kozhikode.
As of 6 September, epidemiological investigations identified contacts, including health care workers and close family members, who were placed under quarantine.


Public health response

The following public health responses were implemented:
  • The state government held a meeting of senior health officials to plan and implement response measures;
  • A district core committee was formed, and a district Nipah virus disease action plan was released for all stakeholders;
  • A multi-disciplinary central team from the National Centre for Disease Control was sent to Kerala state to provide technical support. Immediate public health measures were applied, including active case finding in the family, hospitals, village and areas with similar topography especially in Malappuram district, located in the southeast of Kozhikode district;
  • Risk communication messages to the public about the transmission of Nipah virus disease and prevention measures were provided;
  • State authorities issued an alert to Mysuru, Mangaluru, Chamarajanagar and Kodagu districts in Karnataka state, which border Kerala state.
WHO risk assessment

Nipah virus disease is an emerging zoonotic disease of public health importance in the WHO South East Asia and Western Pacific Regions, where Pteropus fruit bats, the natural host of the virus, are widespread. It was first identified during an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998, and all subsequent outbreaks have occurred in parts of Asia (India, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Singapore). Transmission can occur from direct contact with infected animals, consuming contaminated food products or through close contact with an infected person. Previous outbreaks had a seasonal pattern with occurrence during winter and spring, associated with several factors such as the breeding season of the bats, increased virus shedding by bats and fruit harvesting season. The case fatality ratio ranges from 40 to 100%.
In India, the first Nipah virus disease outbreak was reported in Siliguri town in 2001, followed by a second outbreak in Nadia district in 2007, both in West Bengal state. In 2018, an outbreak was reported in Kozhikode district, and in 2019, another outbreak in Kochi district, both in Kerala state. Bats from the Pteropus spp. were the probable source of the 2018 outbreak in Kerala state.
The current isolated case was reported in a rural area in Kerala state where an outbreak was previously reported in 2018. India has experienced and contained Nipah virus disease outbreaks in the past and has demonstrated the capacity to carry out outbreak control activities, including case identification, laboratory testing, case management, contact tracing and risk communication. This event is an isolated case and the risk is low at national level and low at the regional level...
 
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