IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency Updates

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency Updates

Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update (12 April 2011, 04:45 UTC)
The Japanese Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA) today issued a new provisional rating for the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on the IAEA International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale (INES).

The nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi is now rated as a level 7 "Major Accident" on INES. Level 7 is the most serious level on INES and is used to describe an event comprised of "A major release of radioactive material with widespread health and environmental effects requiring implementation of planned and extended countermeasures". Japanese authorities notified the IAEA in advance of the public announcement and the formal submission of the new provisional rating.

The new provisional rating considers the accidents that occurred at Units 1, 2 and 3 as a single event on INES. Previously, separate INES Level 5 ratings had been applied for Units 1, 2 and 3. The provisional INES Level 3 rating assigned for Unit 4 still applies.

The re-evaluation of the Fukushima Daiichi provisional INES rating resulted from an estimate of the total amount of radioactivity released to the environment from the nuclear plant. NISA estimates that the amount of radioactive material released to the atmosphere is approximately 10% of the 1986 Chernobyl accident, which is the only other nuclear accident to have been rated a Level 7 event.

Earlier ratings of the nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi were assessed as follows:

On 18 March, Japanese authorities rated the core damage at the Fukushima Daiichi 1, 2 and 3 reactor Units caused by loss of all cooling function to have been at Level 5 on the INES scale. They further assessed that the loss of cooling and water supplying functions in the spent fuel pool of the Unit 4 reactor to have been rated at Level 3.

Japanese authorities may revise the INES rating at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant as further information becomes available.

INES is used to promptly and consistently communicate to the public the safety significance of events associated with sources of radiation. The scale runs from 0 (deviation) to 7 (major accident).

Further information on the INES scale: http://www-ns.iaea.org/tech-areas/emergency/ines.asp.


Further details regarding this development can be found in the NISA Press Release [pdf]. http://www.nisa.meti.go.jp/english/files/en20110412-4.pdf


http://iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html

 

[Ronan Kelly]

Re: IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency Updates

IAEA Briefing on Fukushima Nuclear Accident (13 April 2011, 14:30 UTC)
Presentations:
→ Summary of Reactor Status http://www.slideshare.net/iaea/summary-of-reactor-unit-status-13-april-2011-1100-utc


1. Current Situation

Overall, the situation at the Fukushima Daiichi plant remains very serious but there are early signs of recovery in some functions such as electrical power and instrumentation

There have been no changes concerning the provisional INES Level 7 rating and protective measures as reported in yesterday's brief.

Earthquakes of 11th and 12th April

The IEC received information from the IAEA International Seismic Safety Center on the following recent earthquakes (equal or higher than magnitude Mw= 6.0) which occurred in the time interval from 23:08 UTC on 2011-04-11 to 05:07 UTC on 2011-04-12:

1) At 23:08 UTC, 2011-04-11, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred offshore of the East Coast of Honshu, Japan) at a depth of 13.1 km. Distances from epicentre of the earthquake to NPP sites were: 188 km to Tokai, 217 km to Fukushima Daini, 229 km to Fukushima Daiichi, 236 km to Hamaoka and 285 km to Kashiwazaki-Kariwa.

2) At 05:07 UTC, 2011-04-12, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 occurred inland east of Honshu, Japan at a depth of 10.6 km. Distances from epicentre of the earthquake to NPP sites were; 46 km to Fukushima Daini, 53 km to Fukushima Daiichi, 72 km to Tokai, 165 km to Onagawa and 179 km to Kashiwazaki-Kariwa.

NISA press release regarding the earthquake which occurred on 12th April, states that there was no effect on the following NPP sites: Fukushima Dai-ichi, Fukushima Dai-ni, Tokai Dai-ni, Onagawa. Other nuclear related facilities (Mitusubishi Nuclear Fuel, Nuclear Fuel Industries Ltd., JAEA Tokai & its recycling plant) in Tokai area were reported to be safe by their respective operators.

Changes to Fukushima Daiichi Plant Status

On 11th April, a fire broke out in the housing outlet structure for cooling water for Units 1-4. The fire was extinguished manually. No consequences were identified in terms of release of radioactive material, cooling of the plants, or values recorded by radiation monitoring posts.

In Unit 1 fresh water is being continuously injected into the RPV through the feed-water line at an indicated flow rate of 6 m3/h using a temporary electric pump with off-site power. In Units 2 and 3 fresh water is being continuously injected through the fire extinguisher lines at an indicated rate of 7 m3/h using temporary electric pumps with off-site power.

Nitrogen gas is being injected into the Unit 1 containment vessel to reduce the possibility of hydrogen combustion within the containment vessel. The pressure in this containment vessel has stabilised. The pressure in the RPV is increasing as indicated on one channel of instrumentation. The other channel shows RPV pressure as stable.

In Units 2 and 3 Reactor Pressure Vessel and Drywell pressures remain at atmospheric pressure.

RPV temperatures remain above cold shutdown conditions in all Units, (typically less than 95?C). In Unit 1 temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 206?C and at the bottom of the RPV is 119?C. In Unit 2 the temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 165?C. The temperature at the bottom of RPV was reported as 208?C (this measurement has been available since the 12th April). In Unit 3 the temperature at the feed water nozzle of the RPV is 99?C and at the bottom of the RPV is 116?C.

There has been no change in status in Units 4, 5 and 6 and the Common Spent Fuel Storage Facility.

2. Radiation monitoring

On 12th April, deposition of both iodine-131 and cesium-137 was detected in 7 and 6 prefectures respectively. The values reported for iodine-131 ranged from 1.6 to 460 Bq/m2 and for cesium-137 from 31 to 700 Bq/m2. The highest deposition was observed in the Ibaraki prefecture.

Gamma dose rates are measured daily in all 47 prefectures, the values tend to decrease. For Fukushima, on 12th April a dose rate of 2.1 μSv/h, for the Ibaraki prefecture a gamma dose rate of 0.14 μSv/h was reported. The gamma dose rates in all other prefectures were below 0.1 ?Sv/h.

Only in a few prefectures, iodine-131 or cesium-137 is detectable in drinking water at very low levels. As of 12th April, a restriction for infants related to iodine-131 (100 Bq/l) is in place as a precautionary in a small scale water supply in one village of the Fukushima prefecture.

MEXT reported on measurements of strontium-89 (half-life: 50.5 days) and strontium-90(half-life: 28.8 years) in three samples taken in one village in the Fukushima prefecture on 16 March. The activities in soil for Sr-89 ranged from 13 and 260 Bq/kg and for Sr-90 between 3.3 and 32 Bq/kg. Sr-90 was also distributed globally during nuclear weapons' testing in the atmosphere, typical global levels of Sr-90 in surface soils are in the order of one to a few becquerel per kg. Strontium was also measured in plant samples in four others villages, with values ranging from 12 to 61 Bq/kg for Sr-89 and 1.8 to 5.9 Bq/kg for Sr-90.

On 12th April, the IAEA Team made measurements at 7 different locations in the Fukushima area at distances of 32 to 62 km, North and Northwest from the Fukushima nuclear power plant. At these locations, the dose rates ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 ?Sv/h. At the same locations, results of beta-gamma contamination measurements ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 Megabecquerel/m2.

NISA reported on 12th April that the three workers who had previously been exposed to high dose rates while working in the turbine building of Unit 3 have undergone further medical checks. No negative outcomes were identified. In the case of the two workers who received doses of a few Sievert to their legs as a result of walking in contaminated water, medical tests showed no evidence of either skin burns or erythema.

Analytical results related to food contamination were reported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare on 12th April that covered a total of 55 samples taken on the 8th and 10th -- 12th April. Analytical results for 53 of the samples of various vegetables, fruit (strawberry), seafood and unprocessed raw milk in eight prefectures (Chiba, Fukushima, Gunma, Ibaraki, Kanagawa, Niigata, Saitama and Yamagata) indicated that I-131, Cs-134 and/or Cs-137 were either not detected or were below the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities. In Ibaraki prefecture for samples taken on 11th April, one sample of seafood (sand lance) was above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities for I-131 and one sample of spinach was above the regulation values set by the Japanese authorities for Cs-134/Cs-137.

On 13th April, the Prime Minister of Japan requested the Governor of Fukushima prefecture to restrict the consumption of shiitake mushrooms (grown on logs in open fields only) produced at Iitate-village until further notice. Instructions were also issued to restrict the distribution of shiitake mushrooms (grown on logs in open fields only) produced in the cities of Date, Soma, Minamisoma, Tamura and Iwaki; the towns of Shinchi, Kawamata, Namie, Futaba, Ookuma, Tomioka, Naraha and Hirono, and; the villages of Iitate, Katsurao and Kawauchi until further notice.

3. Marine Monitoring

TEPCO Monitoring Programme

TEPCO is conducting a programme for seawater (surface sampling) at a number of near-shore and off-shore monitoring locations (see Map1. TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations).

On same days, two samples were collected at the same sampling point, a few hours apart and analysed separately.

Until 3rd April a general decreasing trend was observed at the sampling points TEPCO1 to TEPCO4. After the discharge of contaminated water on 4th April, a temporary increase has been reported.

On 13th April new data for samples collected on 11th April at TEPCO1-10 sampling points have been reported. As for the near-shore stations TEPCO1, 3 and 4 levels of I-131 and Cs-137 below 1.5 kBq/l have been reported. At TEPCO 2, for both I-131 and Cs-137 concentrations of about 7 kBq/l were measured.

As for the six TEPCO stations 15 km offshore, at TEPCO 5-6-10 the concentration of I-131 was below 0.3 kBq/l and that of Cs-137 below 0.2 kBq/l. At TEPCO 7 and 8, I-131 and Cs-137 below 0.05 kBq/l below 0.02 kBq/l were measured. At TEPCO 9 concentrations of about 1 kBq/l of both I-131 and Cs-137 were recorded.

MEXT Off-shore Monitoring Programme

MEXT initiated the off-shore monitoring program on 23rd March and subsequently points 9 and 10 were added to the off-shore sampling scheme. On 4th April, MEXT added two sampling points to the north and west of sampling point 1. These are referred to as points A and B (see Map2: MEXT Seawater sampling Locationsc).

On 13th April new data for samples collected on 11th April at MEXT 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 an B sampling points have been reported.

Cs-137 was only detected at MEXT 4 at a concentration level of about 70 Bq/l.

I-131 concentration of about 90 Bq/l was measured at Station MEXT4. At MEXT6, 8, 10 and B, I-131 below about 15 Bq/l was reported.

Map 1: TEPCO Seawater Sampling Locations:



Map 2: MEXT Seawater Sampling Locations:



4. IAEA activities

No new activities to report.

http://iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html

 

[sharon sanders]

Re: IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency Updates

Summary Report of the Preliminary Findings of the IAEA Mission on remediation of large contaminated areas off-site the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP
7 – 15 October 2011, Japan
14. October 2011

Some recommendations by the IAEA for Japan in this report:

1)Japan is advised not to be too conservative in the radiation clean up.

2)Increase signage in the areas where the levels of radiation have been determined to be unsafe.

3)Focus on remediation activities that will reduce radiation dose exposure levels.

4)Be aggressive in removing radiation, such as cesium, from crop areas.

5)Monitor sea and drinking water for radiation levels.

http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/fukushima/pre_report.pdf