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Hundreds of confirmed cases of Leptospirosis in Wannei Village (Taiwan) in aftermath of Typhoon

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Senior Moderator
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hcBpU0BXUWTQGj4LbbZlHg1anAMA

'Over 100 sick' in typhoon-hit Taiwan village
(AFP) ? 3 hours ago

TAIPEI ? More than 100 people in a typhoon-hit village in Taiwan have fallen ill with an infectious disease, health authorities said Wednesday, ruling out concerns they were sick with swine flu.

It came after the military confirmed that four soldiers involved in typhoon relief work had swine flu, two weeks after Typhoon Morakot lashed the south of the island leaving 461 people dead and nearly 200 missing.

Test results confirmed that about 105 residents of Wannei village, in Pingtung county, had contracted leptospirosis, a common disease after flooding, said county health chief Kang Chi-chieh.

"Leptospirosis has flu-like symptoms so that's why some villagers mistake it for swine flu," Kang said, addressing concerns among people in the affected areas that swine flu had been spreading there.

The leptospirosis outbreak was now under control, Kang added, and none of the more than 100 sick with the disease were in serious danger, although about half of them had been hospitalised as a precaution.

But village chief Lin Wang-hung disputed the health authorities' figures, saying around 400 people in the village of 2,000 had developed high fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, common symptoms of leptospirosis.

Media in Taiwan meanwhile said that at least three children have also come down with high fevers in a shelter for 300 people from Hsiaolin, a village destroyed by the typhoon in Kaohsiung county.

"I am very concerned for my child... there are too many people coming in and out of the shelter every day," a woman told FTV cable news channel.

President Ma Ying-jeou has called Morakot the worst-ever typhoon to strike Taiwan, saying the scale of the damage was more severe than a 1959 typhoon that killed 667 people and left around 1,000 missing.

Fears of spreading disease in typhoon-battered areas came as the island's former health minister warned that swine flu could infect as much as a third of Taiwan's population and contribute to nearly 7,000 deaths.

So far, there have been five swine flu-related deaths in Taiwan, according to the Centre for Disease Control.

But Chen, who now works for Taiwan's top research institute Academia Sinica, said swine flu could infect 6.9 million people in the coming months, of which 0.1 percent could die.

Chen said his estimate was based on government figures of 12,000 new cases last week, bringing total infections to 38,000, with the number sick with the A(H1N1) virus likely to double each week.
 
Re: Hundreds of confirmed cases of Leptospirosis in Wannei Village (Taiwan) in aftermath of Typhoon

http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news...&cate_img=316.jpg&cate_rss=news_Health_TAIWAN

Leptospirosis breaks out in Taiwan's disaster areas



Taiwan News, Staff Writer
2009-08-26 07:28 PM Fonts Size:

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TAIPEI (Taiwan News) ? 105 residents of Wandan, Pingtung County were diagnosed with leptospirosis, reports said Wednesday as concern grows over contagious disease spreading through areas recently devastated by Typhoon Morakot and flooding.
The disease is usually transmitted to humans through water contaminated with animal urine coming into contact with wounds or eyes, and is relatively rare in humans. Early symptoms of the bacterial infection are similar to the flu, but can also include jaundice and diarrhea.

The first signs of fever in Wandan?s Wannei Village appeared on August 17, causing fears that the swine flu virus had reached the disaster areas. By August 24, more than 100 residents suffered high fevers, with 30 staying at hospitals.

Because the incubation period for leptospirosis is ten days, the outbreak should have already reached its climax , local health authorities said.

Millions of chickens and pigs died in the typhoon, while rescue workers are still hard at work looking for bodies and removing rubble. Cable stations showed pigs running loose on the streets and inside abandoned homes in Wannei.

Kaohsiung City and County both denied cholera had broken out. Two residents were tested for cholera on August 16, but the tests came back negative on August 22. The two patients returned home, authorities said.

Premier Liu Chao-shiuan on Wednesday suggested evacuating more residents to speed cleanup efforts.

Liu was referring to Linbien Township, Pingtung County, where military and civilian workers have struggled for more than two weeks to drain all the floodwaters and remove mud from streets and homes.

Liu?s proposals met with a lukewarm reception from Linbien residents, cable stations reported.

President Ma Ying-jeou promised the operation would be completed by Saturday.

Circumstances in the disaster areas facilitated the outbreak of contagious diseases, as hundreds of people were living close together in dormitories with limited hygienic facilities, reports said.

In addition, there were frequent visits by rescue workers, military personnel and reporters which could bring diseases from outside the area.
 
Re: Hundreds of confirmed cases of Leptospirosis in Wannei Village (Taiwan) in aftermath of Typhoon

From ProMed MBDS:

http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f..._BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1040,78959

Archive Number 20090827.3017
Published Date 27-AUG-2009
Subject PRO/MBDS> Leptospirosis - Taiwan: Pingtung

LEPTOSPIROSIS - TAIWAN: PINGTUNG
********************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Wed 26 Aug 2009
Source: Taiwan News [edited]
<http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1041513&lang=eng_news&cate_img=316.jpg&cate_rss=news_Health>


Leptospirosis breaks out in Taiwan's disaster areas
---------------------------------------------------
Reports said Wednesday [26 Aug 2009], 105 residents of Wandan,
Pingtung County, were diagnosed with leptospirosis as concern grows
over contagious disease spreading through areas recently devastated
by Typhoon Morakot and flooding.

The disease is usually transmitted to humans through water
contaminated with animal urine coming into contact with wounds or
eyes, and is relatively rare in humans. Early symptoms of the
bacterial infection are similar to the flu, but can also include
jaundice and diarrhea.

The 1st signs of fever in Wandan's Wannei Village appeared on [17 Aug
2009], causing fears that the swine flu virus had reached the
disaster areas. By [24 Aug 2009], more than 100 residents suffered
high fevers, with 30 staying at hospitals.

Because the incubation period for leptospirosis is 10 days, the
outbreak should have already reached its climax, local health authorities said.

Millions of chickens and pigs died in the typhoon, while rescue
workers are still hard at work looking for bodies and removing
rubble. Cable stations showed pigs running loose on the streets and
inside abandoned homes in Wannei.

Kaohsiung City and County both denied cholera had broken out. On [16
Aug 2009], 2 residents were tested for cholera, but the tests came
back negative on [22 Aug 2009]. The 2 patients returned home, authorities said.

Premier Liu Chao-shiuan on Wednesday [26 Aug 2009] suggested
evacuating more residents to speed cleanup efforts. Liu was referring
to Linbien Township, Pingtung County, where military and civilian
workers have struggled for more than 2 weeks to drain all the
floodwaters and remove mud from streets and homes. Liu's proposals
met with a lukewarm reception from Linbien residents, cable stations reported.

President Ma Ying-jeou promised the operation would be completed by
Saturday [29 Aug 2009].

Circumstances in the disaster areas facilitated the outbreak of
contagious diseases, as hundreds of people were living close together
in dormitories with limited hygienic facilities, reports said.

In addition, there were frequent visits by rescue workers, military
personnel, and reporters, which could bring diseases from outside the area.

--
Communicated by:
PRO/MBDS
<promed-mbds@promedmail.org>

[Wandan, Pingtung County, is a county in southern Taiwan that was
struck by Typhoon Morakot on the night of 7 Aug 2009. Southern Taiwan
was the most affected area, resulting in the worst flooding there in
50 years (see
<http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2009/h2009_Morakot.html>).

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by spirochetes
of the genus _Leptospira_, which affects humans and animals.
Early-phase illness is characterized by the abrupt onset of high
fever, myalgias (calves and lumbar region), headache, and
conjunctival suffusion. Late-phase illness occurs 4-9 days after
onset of symptoms and is characterized by prolonged fever and
systematic complications such as jaundice, renal failure, and bleeding (1).

Leptospirosis is treated with antibiotics, such as doxycycline or
penicillin. The risk of acquiring leptospirosis can be greatly
reduced by not swimming or wading in water that might be contaminated
with animal urine (see
<http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/leptospirosis_g.htm>).

Leptospirosis occurs in both developed and developing countries and
large outbreaks have been reported from all over the world; a major
outbreak in Nicaragua in 1995 caused extensive mortality and in
recent years outbreaks have been reported from Asia, Europe,
Australia, and the Americas. Leptospirosis is now being recognized as
a re-emerging infectious disease. In Europe, North America and other
developed regions, the groups at risk are largely those involved in
animal husbandry (farmers, veterinarians). In tropical climates the
population can be at risk of exposure through their everyday
activities. Large epidemics are often in association with heavy
seasonal rainfall and flooding and disaster events (2,3).

The newswire above is the 1st report of an outbreak in the area
affected by Typhoon Morakot. According to the newswire, there are 105
cases of leptospirosis with 30 cases staying at hospitals. No deaths
have been reported.

References
----------
1. Heymann DL. Editor 2008: Control of Communicable Diseases Manual.
19th Ed. APHA/WHO.
2. Zavitsanou A, Babatsikou F. Leptospirosis: epidemiology and
preventive measures. Health Science Journal. 2008; 2(1): 75-82 (full
article available at
<http://www.hsj.gr/volume2/issue2/leprospirosis_epidemiology_and_preventive_measures_75_82.pdf>).
3. Levett PN. Leptospirosis: re-emerging or re-discovered disease? J
Med Microbiol. 1999; 48(5): 417-8 (full article is available at
<http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/48/5/417.pdf>).

For maps of Taiwan, see
<http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/southeast_asia_ref_2007.jpg>,
and the interactive HealthMap/ProMED-mail map at
<http://healthmap.org/r/00Jp>.- Mod.SCM]

[see also:
Leptospirosis - Thailand: (Nan) 20090727.2647
2008
----
Leptospirosis - Thailand (03): Nakhon Ratchasima 20081114.3585
Leptospirosis - Thailand (02) 20081013.3235
Acute resp distress syndrome - Thailand (02): leptospirosis conf. 20081002.3110
Acute resp. distress syndrome - Thailand: AI susp. 20081001.3093
Leptospirosis - Thailand 20080708.2065
2007
----
Leptospirosis - China (Hong Kong) ex Thailand: RFI 20070623.2028]

[For background information on outbreaks of leptospirosis carried on
the general ProMED-mail list, the postings below can be found at
<http://www.promedmail.org>. - Mod.SCM]

2008
----
Leptospirosis - Philippines: (Davao Region) 20080626.1967
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (03): background 20080610.1836
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka (02): hantavirus also susp. 20080606.1808
Leptospirosis - Sri Lanka: RFI 20080605.1801
Leptospirosis - New Caledonia 20080407.1281
Leptospirosis - Peru: (Loreto), new species 20080407.1279
Leptospirosis - Jamaica 20080125.0312
2007
----
Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic 20071124.3804
Leptospirosis - Jamaica (02) 20071018.3409
Leptospirosis - Ukraine (Lvov, Kiev, Kherson) 20071018.3401
Leptospirosis - Jamaica 20071016.3383
Leptospirosis - China (Hong Kong) 20070821.2725
2006
----
Leptospirosis, fishermen - UK ex France (Picardie) 20061029.3101
Leptospirosis - Thailand (Nan)(02): background 20060913.2592
Leptospirosis - Thailand (Nan) 20060912.2579
Leptospirosis - India (Gujarat): not hantavirus 20060831.2476
Leptospirosis - India (Maharashtra) 20060726.2058
Leptospirosis - India (Kerala) 20060609.1612
Leptospirosis - Tajikistan 20060423.1185
Leptospirosis - Guyana (coastal): susp. 20060131.0313
Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic 20060110.0085
2005
----
Leptospirosis - Thailand (Kalasin) 20050614.1666
2001
----
Leptospirosis - Germany ex Thailand 20011215.3030
2000
----
Leptospirosis - Thailand 20000908.1535
1999
----
Leptospirosis - Thailand 19991024.1918
1998
----
Leptospirosis - Thailand (North Central)(02) 19981121.2247
Leptospirosis - Thailand (North Central) (02) 19981110.2179
Leptospirosis - Thailand (North Central) 19981105.2158
1997
----
Leptospirosis - Thailand (02) 19971121.2345
Leptospirosis - Thailand 19971120.2337
...................................scm/mj/yma
 
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